Research Highlights
Research Interests
Role of the ocean in climate and extreme weather.
Tropical cyclone-ocean interaction.
Gregory Foltz, PhD.
Oceanographer, Physical Oceanography Division
305.361.4430
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149
“A sustained and evolving tropical Atlantic observing system is crucial for building scientific knowledge and sustaining and advancing forecasts and projections of severe weather, global climate variability, and climate change.”
Dr. Greg Foltz is an oceanographer, AOML’s lead principal investigator of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) Northeast Extension, and a co-lead of NOAA’s Saildrone Hurricane Observations project. His research is concentrated primarily on tropical cyclone-ocean interaction and tropical climate variability and change and their links to the ocean. Dr. Foltz’s work has contributed to improved understanding of ocean mixed layer dynamics in the tropics and the impact of ocean temperature and salinity stratification on tropical cyclone intensification. He also works closely with NOAA’s operational centers to transition research to operations in order to improve weather and climate forecasts and assessments. Dr. Greg Foltz serves as an editor of the Journal of Physical Oceanography and as a member of the PIRATA Science Steering Group and CLIVAR’s Atlantic Region Panel.
1999, B.A. Physics, Colby College, Waterville, ME
2003, Ph. D. Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Dissertation title: Tropical Atlantic Seasonal Variability
- Balaguru, K., C.-C. Chang, L.R. Leung, G.R. Foltz, S.M. Hagos, M.F. Wehner, J.P. Kossin, M. Ting, and W. Xu. A global increase in nearshore tropical cyclone intensification. Earth’s Future, 12(5):e2023EF004230, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF004230 2024
Ref. 4415 - Chiodi, A.M., H. Hristova, G.R. Foltz, J.A. Zhang, C.W. Mordy, C.R. Edwards, C. Zhang, C. Meinig, D. Zhang, E. Mazza, E.D. Cokelet, E.F. Burger, F. Bringas, G. Goni, H.-S. Kim, S. Chen, J. Trinanes, K. Bailey, K.M. O’Brien, M. Morales-Caez, N. Lawrence-Slavas, S.S. Chen, and X. Chen. Surface ocean warming near the core of Hurricane Sam and its representation in forecast models. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10:1297974, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974 2024
Ref. 4377 - Goes, M., S. Dong, G.R. Foltz, G. Goni, D.L. Volkov, and I. Wainer. Modulation of western South Atlantic marine heatwaves by meridional ocean heat transport. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 129(3):e2023JC019715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019715 2024
Ref. 4390
View all Related Publications
- Balaguru, K., C.-C. Chang, L.R. Leung, G.R. Foltz, S.M. Hagos, M.F. Wehner, J.P. Kossin, M. Ting, and W. Xu. A global increase in nearshore tropical cyclone intensification. Earth’s Future, 12(5):e2023EF004230, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF004230 2024
Ref. 4415 - Chiodi, A.M., H. Hristova, G.R. Foltz, J.A. Zhang, C.W. Mordy, C.R. Edwards, C. Zhang, C. Meinig, D. Zhang, E. Mazza, E.D. Cokelet, E.F. Burger, F. Bringas, G. Goni, H.-S. Kim, S. Chen, J. Trinanes, K. Bailey, K.M. O’Brien, M. Morales-Caez, N. Lawrence-Slavas, S.S. Chen, and X. Chen. Surface ocean warming near the core of Hurricane Sam and its representation in forecast models. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10:1297974, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974 2024
Ref. 4377 - Goes, M., S. Dong, G.R. Foltz, G. Goni, D.L. Volkov, and I. Wainer. Modulation of western South Atlantic marine heatwaves by meridional ocean heat transport. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 129(3):e2023JC019715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019715 2024
Ref. 4390 - Lopez, H., S.-K. Lee, R. West, D. Kim, G.R. Foltz, G.J. Alaka Jr., and H. Murakami. Projected increase in the frequency of extremely active Atlantic hurricane seasons. Science Advances, 10(46):eadq7856, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq7856 2024
Ref. 4465 - Pang, S., X. Wang, G. Foltz, and K. Fan. Contribution of the winter salinity barrier layer to summer ocean-atmosphere variability in the Bay of Bengal. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 43(9):35-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-024-2360-5 2024
Ref. 4469 - Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, and R. Lumpkin. Strengthening of the equatorial Pacific upper-ocean circulation over the past three decades. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 129(11):e2024JC021343, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021343 2024
Ref. 4460 - Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, P. Brandt, A. Subramaniam, S.-K. Lee, R. Lumpkin, and R. Hummels. Modulation of equatorial currents and tropical instability waves during the 2021 Atlantic Niño. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 129(1):e2023JC020431, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020431 2024
Ref. 4376 - Clayson, C.A., C. DeMott, S. de Szoeke, P. Chang, G. Foltz, R. Krishnamurthy, T. Lee, A. Molod, D. Ortiz-Suslow, J. Pullen, D. Richter, H. Seo, P. Taylor, E. Thompson, B. Villas Boas, C. Zappa, and P. Zuidema A new paradigm for observing and modeling of air-sea interactions to advance earth system prediction. US CLIVAR Report, US CLIVAR Project Office, 86 pp., https://doi.org/10.5065/24j7-w583 2023
Ref. 4319 - Connell, K.J., M.J. McPhaden, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom. Surviving piracy and the coronavirus pandemic. Oceanography, 36(2-3):44-45, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.212 2023
Ref. 4347 - Da, N.D., G.R. Foltz, K. Balaguru, and E. Fernald. Stronger tropical cyclone-induced ocean cooling in near-coastal regions compared to the open ocean. Journal of Climate, 36(18):6447-6463, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0842.1 2023
Ref. 4306 - John, E.B., K. Balaguru, L.R. Leung, G.R. Foltz, R.D. Hetland, and S.M. Hagos. Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) over the Mississippi River plume. Weather and Forecasting, 38(8):1391-1404, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-22-0191.1 2023
Ref. 4274 - Kim, D., S.-K. Lee, H. Lopez, G.R. Foltz, C. Wen, R. West, and J. Dunion. Increase in Cape Verde hurricanes during Atlantic Niño. Nature Communications, 14:3704, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39467-5 2023
Ref. 4275 - L'Hegaret, P., F. Schutte, S. Speich, G. Reverdin, R. Czeshel, G.R. Foltz, K.J. Heywood, G. Krashmann, R. Laxenaire, C. Le Bihan, P. Le Bot, S. Leizour, M. Schlundt, C. Subirade, D. Zhang, and J. Karstensen. Ocean cross-validated observations from the R/Vs L’Atalante, Maria S. Merian, and Meteor and related platforms as part of the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC campaign. Earth System Science Data, 15(4):1801-1830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023 2023
Ref. 4257 - Lee, S.-K., H. Lopez, F.P. Tuchen, D. Kim, G.R. Foltz, and A.T. Wittenberg. On the genesis of the 2021 Atlantic Niño. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(16):e2023GL04452, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104452 2023
Ref. 4303 - McPhaden, M.J., K.J. Connell, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom. Tropical ocean observations for weather and climate: A decadal overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2 3):32-43, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.211 2023
Ref. 4344 - Yu, L., Y. Chen, A.O. Gonzalez, C. Zhang, and G.R. Foltz. Dry air outbreak and significant surface turbulent heat loss during Hurricane Ian: Satellite and saildrone observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(23):e2023GL105583, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105583 2023
Ref. 4381 - Zhang, C., G.R. Foltz, A.M. Chiodi, C.W. Mordy, C.R. Edwards, C. Meinig, D. Zhang, E. Mazza, E.D. Cokelet, E.F. Burger, F. Bringas, G.J. Goni, H.G. Hristova, H.-S. Kim, J.A. Trinanes, J.A. Zhang, K.E. Bailey, K.M. O’Brien, M. Morales-Caez, N. Lawrence-Slavas, R. Jenkins, S.S. Chen, and X. Chen. Hurricane observations by uncrewed systems. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104(10):E1893-E1917, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0327.1 2023
Ref. 4284 - Zhang, D., A.M. Chiodi, C. Zhang, G.R. Foltz, M.F. Cronin, C.W. Mordy, J. Cross, E.D. Cokelet, J.A. Zhang, C. Meinig, N. Lawrence-Slavas, P.J. Stabeno, and R. Jenkins. Observing extreme ocean and weather events using innovative saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles. Oceanography, 36(2-3):70-77, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.214 2023
Ref. 4345 - Balaguru, K., G. Foltz, L. Leung, W. Xu, D. Kim, H. Lopez, and R. West. Increasing hurricane intensification rate near the US Atlantic coast. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(20):e2022GL099793, http://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099793 2022
Ref. 4182 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung, and S.M. Hagos. Impact of rainfall on tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(10):e2022GL098187, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098187 2022
Ref. 4112 - Da, N.D., and G.R. Foltz. Interannual variability and multiyear trends of sea surface salinity in the Amazon-Orinoco plume region from satellite observations and an ocean reanalysis. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 127(5):e2021JC018366, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018366 2022
Ref. 4101 - Foltz, G.R., C. Zhang, C. Meinig, J.A. Zhang, and D. Zhang. An unprecedented view inside a hurricane. EOS, 103(7):22-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EO220228 2022
Ref. 4126 - Lee, S.-K., H. Lopez, G.R. Foltz, E.-P. Lim, D. Kim, S.M. Larson, K. Pujiana, D.L. Volkov, S. Chakravorty, and F.A. Gomez. Java-Sumatra Niño/Niña and its impact on regional rainfall variability. Journal of Climate, 35(13):4291-4308, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0616.1 2022
Ref. 4089 - Nalli, N.R., G.R. Foltz, J. Gero, L. Gibson, R. O. Knuteson, R. Lumpkin, P.J. Minnett, V.R. Morris, M. Ondrusek, R.C. Pere, M. Wang, and J. Wei. Ship-based cal/val campaigns. In Field Measurements for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing: Instrumentation, Intensive Campaigns, and Satellite Applications, N.R. Nalli (ed). Elsevier, 195-215 , https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823953-7.00008-3 2022
Ref. 4157 - Perez, R.C., G.R. Foltz, R. Lumpkin, J. Wei, K. Voss, M. Ondrusek, M. Wang, and M. Bourassa. Oceanographic buoys: Providing ocean data to assess the accuracy of variables derived from satellite measurements. In Field Measurements for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing: Instrumentation, Intensive Campaigns, and Satellite Applications, N.R. Nalli (ed.). Elsevier, 79-96 , https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823953-7.00022-8 2022
Ref. 4158 - Ricciardulli, L., G.R. Foltz, A. Manaster, and T. Meissner. Assessment of Saildrone extreme measurements in Hurricane Sam using MW satellite sensors. Remote Sensing, 14(12):2726, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122726 2022
Ref. 4115 - Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, P. Brandt, and R. Lumpkin. Multidecadal intensification of Atlantic tropical instability waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(22):e2022GL101073, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101073 2022
Ref. 4192 - West, R., H. Lopez, S.-K. Lee, A.E. Mercer, D. Kim, G.R. Foltz, and K. Balaguru. Seasonality of interbasin SST contributions to Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(4):e2021GL096712, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096712 2022
Ref. 4080 - Yu, Y., S.-H. Chen, Y.-H. Tseng, G.R. Foltz, R.-H. Zhang, and H. Gao. Impacts of model resolution and ocean coupling on mean and eddy momentum transfer during the rapid intensification of Super Typhoon Muifa (2011). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 148(749):3639-3659, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4379 2022
Ref. 4188 - Da, N.D., G.R. Foltz, and K. Balaguru. Observed global increases in tropical cyclone-induced ocean cooling and primary production. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(9):e2021GL092574, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092574 2021
Ref. 3967 - Jenkins, R., C. Meinig, and G.R. Foltz. Sailing into the eye of the storm. Sea Technology Magazine, 62(10):12-14, 2021
Ref. 4299 - Miles, T.N., D. Zhang, G.R. Foltz, J.A. Zhang, C. Meinig, F. Bringas, J. Trinanes, M. Le Henaff, M.F. Aristizabal Vargas, S. Coakley, C.R. Edwards, D. Gong, R.E. Todd, M.J. Oliver, W.D. Wilson, K. Whilden, B. Kirkpatrick, P. Chardon-Maldonado, J.M. Morell, D. Hernandez, G. Kuska, C.D. Stienbarger, K. Bailey, C. Zhang, S.M. Glenn, and G.J. Goni. Uncrewed ocean gliders and saildrones support hurricane forecasting and research. Oceanography 34(4):78-81, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02 2021
Ref. 4059 - Quinn, P.K., E.J. Thompson, D.J. Coffman, S. Baidar, L. Bariteau, T.S. Bates, S. Bigorre, A. Brewer, G. de Boer, S.P. de Szoeke, K. Drushka, G.R. Foltz, J. Intrieri, S. Iyer, C.W. Fairall, C.J. Gaston, F. Jansen, J.E. Johnson, O.O. Krüger, R.D. Marchbanks, K.P. Moran, D. Noone, S. Pezoa, R. Pincus, A.J. Plueddemann, M.L. Pöhlker, U. Pöschl, E. Quinones Melendez, H.M. Royer, M. Szczodrak, J. Thomson, L.M. Upchurch, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, and P. Zuidema. Measurements from the RV Ronald H. Brown and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC). Earth System Science Data, 13(4):1759-1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021 2021
Ref. 3963 - Reul, N., B. Chapron, S.A. Grodsky, S. Guimbard, V. Kudryavtsev, G.R. Foltz, and K. Balaguru. Satellite observations of the sea surface salinity response to tropical cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(1):e2020GL091478, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091478 2021
Ref. 3944 - Reverdin, G., L. Olivier, G.R. Foltz, S. Speich, J. Karstensen, J. Horstmann, D. Zhang, R. Laxenaire, X. Carton, H. Branger, R. Carrasco, and J. Boutin. Formation and evolution of a freshwater plume in the northwestern tropical Atlantic in February 2020. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 126(4):e2020JC016981, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016981 2021
Ref. 3955 - Stevens, B. et al. (including G. Foltz). EUREC4A. Earth System Science Data, 13(8):4067-4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021 2021
Ref. 4021 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung, J. Kaplan, W. Xu, N. Reul, and B. Chapron. Pronounced impact of salinity on rapidly intensifying Atlantic hurricanes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101(9):e1497-e1511, https://doi.org/10.1175-BAMS-D-19-0303.1 2020
Ref. 3787 - Christophersen, J.A., G.R. Foltz, and R.C. Perez. Surface expressions of atmospheric thermal tides in the tropical Atlantic and their impact on open-ocean precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 125(22):e2019JD031997, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031997 2020
Ref. 3894 - Da, N.D., G.R. Foltz, and K. Balaguru. A satellite-derived upper-ocean stratification data set for the tropical North Atlantic with potential applications for hurricane intensity prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(10):e2019JC015980, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015980 2020
Ref. 3869 - Foltz, G.R., R. Hummels, M. Dengler, R.C. Perez, and M. Araujo. Vertical turbulent cooling of the mixed layer in the Atlantic ITCZ and trade wind regions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(2):e2019JC015529, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015529 2020
Ref. 3779 - Hagos, S., G.R. Foltz, C. Zhang, E. Thompson, H. Seo, S. Chen, A. Capotondi, K.A. Reed, C. DeMott, and A. Protat. Atmospheric convection and air-sea interactions over the tropical oceans: Scientific progress, challenges and opportunities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101(3):E253-E258, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0261.1 2020
Ref. 3750 - Hummels, R., M. Dengler, W. Rath, G.R. Foltz, F. Schütte, T. Fischer, and P. Brandt. Surface cooling caused by rare but intense near-inertial wave induced mixing in the tropical Atlantic. Nature Communications, 11:3829, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17601-x 2020
Ref. 3832 - Kim, D., S.-K. Lee, H. Lopez, G.R. Foltz V. Misra, and A. Kumar. On the role of the Pacific-Atlantic SST contrast and associated Caribbean Sea convection in August-October US regional rainfall variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(11):e2020G087736, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087736 2020
Ref. 3808 - Lee, S.-K., D. Kim, G.R. Foltz, and H. Lopez. Pantropical response to global warming and the emergence of a La Niña-like mean state trend. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(3):e2019GL086497, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086497 2020
Ref. 3769 - Ma, J., L. Zhou, G.R. Foltz, X. Qu, J. Ying, H. Tokinaga, C.R. Mechoso, J. Li, and X. Gu. Hydrological cycle changes under global warming and their effects on multiscale climate variability. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1472(1):21-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14335 2020
Ref. 3789 - Smith, J.A., P. Cessi, I. Fer, G. Foltz, B. Fox-Kemper, K. Heywood, N. Jones, J. Klymak, and J. LaCasce. Data availability principles and practice. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 50(12):3377-3378, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0266.1 2020
Ref. 3945 - Sprintall, J., V.J. Coles, K.A. Reed, A.H. Butler, G.R. Foltz, S.G. Penny, and H. Seo. Best practice strategies for process studies designed to improve climate modeling. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101(10):e1842-e1850, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0263.1 2020
Ref. 3799 - Vallès-Casanova, I., S.-K. Lee, G.R. Foltz, and J.L. Pelegri. On the spatiotemporal diversity of Atlantic Niño and associated rainfall variability over West Africa and South America. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(8):e2020GL087108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087108 2020
Ref. 3790 - Bourles, B., M. Araujo, M.J. McPhaden, P. Brandt, G.R. Foltz, R. Lumpkin, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, N. Lefevre, P. Nobre, E. Campos, R. Saravanan, J. Trotte-Duha, M. Dengler, J. Hahn, R. Hummels, J.F. Lubbecke, M. Rouault, L. Cotrim, A. Sutton, M. Jochum, and R.C. Perez. A sustained observing system for tropical Atlantic climate research and forecasting. Earth and Space Science, 6(4):577-616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000428 2019
Ref. 3654 - Domingues, R., A. Kuwano-Yoshida, P. Chardon-Maldonado, R.E. Todd, G. Halliwell, H.-S. Kim, I.-I. Lin, K. Sato, T. Narazaki, L.K. Shay, T. Miles, S. Glenn, J.A. Zhang, S.R. Jayne, L. Centurioni, M. Le Henaff, G. Foltz, F. Bringas, M.M. Ali, S.F. DiMarco, S. Hosoda, T. Fukuoka, B. LaCour, A. Mehra, E.R. Sanabia, J.R. Gyakum, J. Dong, J.A. Knaff, and G. Goni. Ocean observations in support of studies and forecasts of tropical and extratropical cyclones. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6:446, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00446 2019
Ref. 3694 - Fan, K., X. Wang, G.R. Foltz, and K. Balaguru. Meridional oscillation in genesis location of tropical cyclones in the postmonsoon Bay of Bengal. Climate Dynamics, 53(3-4):2103-2118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04794-1 2019
Ref. 3687 - Foltz, G.R. Wind- and buoyancy-forced upper ocean. In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, J.K. Cochran, H.J. Bokuniewicz, and P.L. Yager (eds.). Elsevier, 3rd edition, 1:113-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11336-3 2019
Ref. 3648 - Foltz, G.R., P. Brandt, I. Richter, B. Rodriguez-Fonseca, F. Hernandez, M. Dengler, R.R. Rodrigues, J.O. Schmidt, L. Yu, N. Lefevre, L.C. Da Cunha, M.J. McPhaden, M.C. de Araujo Filho, J. Karstensen, J. Hahn, M. Martin-Rey, C.M. Patricola, P. Poli, P. Zuidema, R. Hummels, R.C. Perez, V. Hatje, J. Luebbecke, I. Polo, R. Lumpkin, B. Bourles, F.E. Asuquo, P. Lehodey, A. Conchon, P. Chang, P. Dandin, C. Schmid, A.J. Sutton, H. Giordani, Y. Xue, S. Illig, T. Losada, S. Grodsky, F. Gasparin, T. Lee, E. Mohino, P. Nobre, R. Wanninkhof, N.S. Keenlyside, V. Garcon, E. Sanchez-Gomez, H.C. Nnamchi, M. Drevillon, A. Storto, E. Remy, A. Lazar, S. Speich, M. Goes, T. Dorrington, W.E. Johns, J.N. Moum, C. Robinson, C. Perruche, R.B. de Souza, A. Gaye, J. Lopez-Parages, P.-A. Monerie, M. Castellanos, N.U. Benson, M.N. Hounkonnou, J. Trotte Duha, R. Laxenaire, and N. Reul. The tropical Atlantic observing system. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6:206, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00206 2019
Ref. 3670 - Perez, R.C., G.R. Foltz, R. Lumpkin, and C. Schmid. Direct measurements of upper ocean horizontal velocity and vertical shear in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean at 4°N, 23°W. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 124(6):4133-4151, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015064 2019
Ref. 3677 - Rodrigues, R.R., A.S. Tashetto, A. Sen Gupta, and G.R. Foltz. Common cause for severe droughts in South America and marine heatwaves in the South Atlantic. Nature Geoscience, 12(8):620-626, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0393-8 2019
Ref. 3684 - Volkov, D.L., S. Dong, G.R. Foltz, G. Goni, and R. Lumpkin. Observations of near-surface salinity and temperature structure with dual-sensor Lagrangian drifters during SPURS-2. Oceanography, 32(2):66-75, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.214 2019
Ref. 3674 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, and L.R. Leung. Increasing magnitude of hurricane rapid intensification in the central and eastern tropical Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(9):4238-4247, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077597 2018
Ref. 3526 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung, S.M. Hagos, and D.R. Judi. On the use of ocean dynamic temperature for hurricane intensity forecasting. Weather and Forecasting, 33(2):411-418, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-17-0143.1 2018
Ref. 3495 - Foltz, G.R., C. Schmid, and R. Lumpkin. An enhanced PIRATA data set for tropical Atlantic ocean-atmosphere research. Journal of Climate, 31(4):1499-1524, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0816.1 2018
Ref. 3486 - Foltz, G.R., K. Balaguru, and S. Hagos. Interbasin differences in the relationship between SST and tropical cyclone intensification. Monthly Weather Review, 146(3):853-870, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0155.1 2018
Ref. 3497 - Ma, J., R. Chadwick, K.-H. Seo, C. Dong, G. Huang, G.R. Foltz, and J.H. Jiang. Responses of the tropical atmospheric circulation to climate change and connection to the hydrological cycle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 46:549-580, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010102 2018
Ref. 3508 - Venugopal, T., M.M. Ali, M.A. Bourassa, Y. Zheng, G.J. Goni, G.R. Foltz, and M. Rajeevan. Statistical evidence for the role of southwestern Indian Ocean heat content in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Scientific Reports, 8:12092, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30552-0 2018
Ref. 3579 - Dong, S., D. Volkov, G. Goni, R. Lumpkin, and G. Foltz. Near-surface salinity and temperature structure observed with dual-sensor drifters in the subtropical South Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(7):5952-5969, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012894 2017
Ref. 3440 - Wang, X., H. Liu, and G.R. Foltz. Persistent influence of tropical North Atlantic wintertime sea surface temperature on the subsequent Atlantic hurricane season. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(15):7927-7935, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074801 2017
Ref. 3447 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung, and K.A. Emanuel. Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and intensification of super typhoons. Nature Communications, 7:13670, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13670 2016
Ref. 3342 - Balaguru, K., L.R. Leung, J. Lu, and G.R. Foltz. A meridional dipole in pre-monsoon Bay of Bengal tropical cyclone activity induced by ENSO. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(12):6954-6968, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024936 2016
Ref. 3283 - Foltz, G.R., and K. Balaguru. Prolonged El Niño conditions in 2014-2015 and the rapid intensification of Hurricane Patricia in the eastern Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(19):10,347-10,355, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070274 2016
Ref. 3322 - Ma, J., G.R. Foltz, B.J. Soden, G. Huang, J. He, and C. Dong. Will surface winds weaken in response to global warming? Environmental Research Letters, 11(12):124012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124012 2016
Ref. 3348 - Rugg, A., G.R. Foltz, and R.C. Perez. Role of mixed layer dynamics in tropical North Atlantic interannual sea surface temperature variability. Journal of Climate, 29(22):8083-8101, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-1500867.1 2016
Ref. 3310 - Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung, E. D’Asaro, K.A. Emanuel, H. LIU, and S.E. Zedler. Dynamic potential intensity: An improved representation of the ocean’s impact on tropical cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(16):6739-6746, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064822 2015
Ref. 3166 - Foltz, G.R., C. Schmid, and R. Lumpkin. Transport of surface freshwater from the equatorial to the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45(4):1086-1102, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0189.1 2015
Ref. 3085 - Foltz, G.R., K. Balaguru, and L.R. Leung. A reassessment of the integrated impact of tropical cyclones on surface chlorophyll in the western subtropical North Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(4):1158-1164, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063222 2015
Ref. 3093 - Amaya, D.J., and G.R. Foltz. Impacts of canonical and Modoki El Niño on tropical Atlantic SST. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(C2):777-789, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009476 2014
Ref. 2957 - Balaguru, K., S. Taraphdar, L.R. Leung, and G.R. Foltz. Increase in the intensity of postmonsoon Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(10):3594-3601, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060197 2014
Ref. 2982 - Balaguru, K., S. Taraphdar, L.R. Leung, G.R. Foltz, and J.A. Knaff. Cyclone-cyclone interactions through the ocean pathway. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(19):6855-6862, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061489 2014
Ref. 3042 - Kumar, B.P., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. De Boyer Montegut. Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynamics, 43(9-10):2377-2397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y 2014
Ref. 3043 - Beal, L.M., V. Hormann, R. Lumpkin, and G.R. Foltz. The response of the surface circulation of the Arabian Sea to monsoonal forcing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(9):2008-2022, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-033.1 2013
Ref. 2891 - Foltz, G.R., A.T. Evan, H.P. Freitag, S. Brown, and M.J. McPhaden. Dust accumulation biases in PIRATA shortwave radiation records. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 30(7):1414-1432, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00169.1 2013
Ref. 2869 - Foltz, G.R., C. Schmid, and R. Lumpkin. Seasonal cycle of the mixed layer heat budget in the northeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate, 26(20):8169-8188, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00037.1 2013
Ref. 2902 - McPhaden, M.J., and G.R. Foltz. Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer of the central equatorial Indian Ocean: The importance of horizontal advection and vertical mixing. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(11):2737-2741, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50536 2013
Ref. 2861 - Bingham, F.M., G.R. Foltz, and M.J. McPhaden. Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean. Ocean Science, 8(5):915-929, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-915-2012 2012
Ref. 2769 - Evan, A.T., G.R. Foltz, and D. Zhang. Physical response of the tropical-subtropical North Atlantic Ocean to decadal-multidecadal forcing by African dust. Journal of Climate, 25(17):5817-5829, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00438.1 2012
Ref. 2757 - Foltz, G.R., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Lumpkin. A strong Atlantic meridional mode event in 2009: The role of mixed layer dynamics. Journal of Climate, 25(1):363-380, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1 2012
Ref. 3 - Foltz, G.R., M.J. McPhaden, T. Lee, G.C. Johnson, and M. Goes. The tropical ocean observing system. Proceedings, U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Summit, Interagency Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC), Herndon, VA, November 13-16, 2012. Community White Paper, 9 pp., 2012
Ref. 2810 - Hormann, V., R. Lumpkin, and G.R. Foltz. Interannual North Equatorial Countercurrent variability and its relation to tropical Atlantic climate modes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117:C04035, 17 pp., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007697 2012
Ref. 2678 - Perez, R.C., R. Lumpkin, W.E. Johns, G.R. Foltz, and V. Hormann. Interannual variations of Atlantic tropical instability waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117:C03011, 13 pp., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007584 2012
Ref. 2665 - Wang, C., S. Dong, A.T. Evan, G.R. Foltz, and S.-K. Lee. Multidecadal co-variability of North Atlantic sea surface temperature, African dust, Sahel rainfall, and Atlantic hurricanes. Journal of Climate, 25(15):5404-5415, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00413.1 2012
Ref. 2730 - Evan, A.T., G.R. Foltz, D. Zhang, and D.J. Vimont. Influence of African dust on ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic. Nature Geoscience, 4(11):762-765, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1276 2011
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Department of Commerce Gold Medal 2022
For the successful experimental application of uncrewed surface vehicles, i.e., saildrones, to observe conditions in Atlantic tropical cyclones.
Department of Commerce Bronze Medal 2022
For scientific achievement in the design and implementation of the complex Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign.
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) Early Career Scientist Award 2015
For outstanding research in the earth and space sciences and for international research cooperation.