Denis Pierrot, Ph.D.
Oceanographer, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division
305.361.4441
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149
Dr. Denis Pierrot is a chemical oceanographer at AOML’s Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division. He is in charge of the Ocean Carbon Cycle group’s Ship of Opportunity CO2 program which measures the surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on Volunteer Observing Ships. Dr. Pierrot has also developed instrumentation and software that is used in the collection and processing of underway and discrete pCO2 data.
Current Work
Principal Investigator for the Ocean Carbon Group’s Ship of Opportunity Program
- Roberts, E. G., Ouyang, Z., Li, Q., Barbero, L., Pierrot, D., Featherstone, C., ... & Cai, W. J. Summertime Net Community Production (Ncp) Via Underway Measurements of O2/Ar and Its Control on CO2 Flux in the Northern Gulf of America Science of The Total Environment, 966, 178729., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178729 2025
Ref. 4574 - Wanninkhof, R., Trinanes, J., Pierrot, D., Munro, D. R., Sweeney, C. and Fay, A. R. Trends in Sea-Air CO2 Fluxes and Sensitivities to Atmospheric Forcing Using an Extremely Randomized Trees Machine Learning Approach Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 39(2), e2024GB008315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008315 2025
Ref. 4491 - Wanninkhof, R., Trinanes, J., Pierrot, D., Munro, D. R., Sweeney, C., & Fay, A. R. Trends in Sea-Air CO2 Fluxes and Sensitivities to Atmospheric Forcing Using an Extremely Randomized Trees Machine Learning Approach Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 39(2), e2024GB008315., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008315Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 2025
Ref. 4570
View all Related Publications
- Roberts, E. G., Ouyang, Z., Li, Q., Barbero, L., Pierrot, D., Featherstone, C., ... & Cai, W. J. Summertime Net Community Production (Ncp) Via Underway Measurements of O2/Ar and Its Control on CO2 Flux in the Northern Gulf of America Science of The Total Environment, 966, 178729., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178729 2025
Ref. 4574 - Wanninkhof, R., Trinanes, J., Pierrot, D., Munro, D. R., Sweeney, C. and Fay, A. R. Trends in Sea-Air CO2 Fluxes and Sensitivities to Atmospheric Forcing Using an Extremely Randomized Trees Machine Learning Approach Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 39(2), e2024GB008315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008315 2025
Ref. 4491 - Wanninkhof, R., Trinanes, J., Pierrot, D., Munro, D. R., Sweeney, C., & Fay, A. R. Trends in Sea-Air CO2 Fluxes and Sensitivities to Atmospheric Forcing Using an Extremely Randomized Trees Machine Learning Approach Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 39(2), e2024GB008315., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008315Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 2025
Ref. 4570 - Fay, A.R., D.R. Munro, G. McKinley, D. Pierrot, S. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, and R. Wanninkhof. Updated climatological mean delta fCO2 and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions. Earth System Science Data, 16(4):2123-2139, https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/2123/2024 2024
Ref. 4414 - Berghoff, C.F., D. Pierrot, L. Epherra, R.I. Silva, V. Segura, R.M. Negri, M.C. Hozbor, M.O. Carignan, L. Barbero, and V.A. Lutz. Physical-biological effects on the carbonate system during summer in the northern Argentine Continental Shelf (southwestern Atlantic). Journal of Marine Systems, 237:103828, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2022.103828 2023
Ref. 4201 - Boyer, T., H.M. Zhang , K. O’Brien, J. Reagan , S. Diggs, E. Freeman, H. Garcia, E. Heslop, P. Hogan, B. Huang, L.-Q. Jiang, A. Kozyr, C. Liu, R. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, C. Paver, Z. Wang, M. Zweng, S. Alin, L. Barbero, J.A. Barth, M. Belbeoch, J. Cebrian, K.J. Connell, R. Cowley, D. Dukhovskoy, N.R. Galbraith, G. Goni, F. Katz, M. Kramp, A. Kumar, D.M. Legler, R. Lumpkin, C.R. McMahon, D. Pierrot, A.J. Plueddemann, E.A. Smith, A. Sutton, V. Turpin, L. Jiang, V. Suneel, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Weller, and A.P.S. Wong. Effects of the pandemic on observing the global ocean. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104(2):E389-E410, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0210.1 2023
Ref. 4210 - Friedlingstein, P., M. O’Sullivan, M.W. Jones, R.M. Andrew, D.C.E. Bakker, J. Hauck, P. Landschützer, C. Le Quéré, I.T. Luijkx, G.P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, C. Schwingshackl, S. Sitch, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, S.R. Alin, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, N.R. Bates, M. Becker, N. Bellouin, B. Decharme, L. Bopp, I.B. Mandhara Brasika, P. Cadule, M.A. Chamberlain, N. Chandra, T.-T.-T. Chau, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, M. Cronin, X. Dou, K. Enyo, W. Evans, S. Falk, R.A. Feely, L. Feng, D.J. Ford, T. Gasser, J. Ghattas, T. Gkritzalis, G. Grassi, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, Ö. Gürses, I. Harris, M. Hefner, J. Heinke, R.A. Houghton, G.C. Hurtt, Y. Iida, T. Ilyina, A.R. Jacobson, A. Jain, T. Jarníková, A. Jersild, F. Jiang, Z. Jin, F. Joos, E. Kato, R.F. Keeling, D. Kennedy, K. Klein Goldewijk, J. Knauer, J.I. Korsbakken, A. Körtzinger, X. Lan, N. Lefèvre, H. Li, J. Liu, Z. Liu, L. Ma, G. Marland, N. Mayot, P.C. McGuire, G.A. McKinley, G. Meyer, E.J. Morgan, D.R. Munro, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, K.M. O’Brien, A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, M. Paulsen, D. Pierrot, K. Pocock, B. Poulter, C.M. Powis, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, T.M. Rosan, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, T.L. Smallman, S.M. Smith, R. Sospedra-Alfonso, Q. Sun, A.J. Sutton, C. Sweeney, S. Takao, P.P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, H. Tsujino, F. Tubiello, G.R. van der Werf, E. van Ooijen, R. Wanninkhof et al. Global carbon budget 2023. Earth System Science Data, 15(12):5301-5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023 2023
Ref. 4397 - Friedlingstein, P., M. O'Sullivan, M.W. Jones, R.M. Andrew, L. Gregor, J. Hauck, C. Le Quéré, I.T. Luijkx, A. Olsen, G.P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, C. Schwingshackl, S. Sitch, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, S.R. Alin, R. Alkama, A. Arneth, V.K. Arora, N.R. Bates, M. Becker, N. Bellouin, H.C. Bittig, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, M. Cronin, W. Evans, S. Falk, R.A. Feely, T. Gasser, M. Gehlen, T. Gkritzalis, L. Gloege, G. Grassi, N. Gruber, Ö. Gürses, I. Harris, M. Hefner, R.A. Houghton, G.C. Hurtt, Y. Iida, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, A. Jersild, K. Kadono, E. Kato, D. Kennedy, K. Klein Goldewijk, J. Knauer, J.I. Korsbakken, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, K. Lindsay, J. Liu, Z. Liu, G. Marland, N. Mayot, M.J. McGrath, N. Metzl, N.M. Monacci, D.R. Munro, S.I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, K. O'Brien, T. Ono, P.I. Palmer, N. Pan, D. Pierrot, K. Pocock, B. Poulter, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, C. Rodriguez, T.M. Rosan, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, J.D. Shutler, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, Q. Sun, A.J. Sutton, C. Sweeney, S. Takao, T. Tanhua, P. P. Tans, X. Tian, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, H. Tsujino, F. Tubiello, G.R. van der Werf, A.P. Walker, R. Wanninkhof, C. Whitehead, A. Willstrand Wranne, R. Wright, W. Yuan, C. Yue, X. Yue, S. Zaehle, J. Zeng. and B. Zheng, Global carbon budget 2022. Earth System Science Data, 14(11):4811-4900., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 2022
Ref. 4190 - Friedlingstein, P., M.W. Jones, M. O’Sullivan, R.M. Andrew, D.C.E. Bakker, J. Hauck, C. Le Quéré, G.P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, S.R. Alin, P. Anthoni, N.R. Bates, M. Becker, N. Bellouin, L. Bopp, T.T. Trang Chau, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, M. Cronin, K.I. Currie, B. Decharme, L.M. Djeutchouang, X. Dou, W. Evans, R.A. Feely, L. Feng, T. Gasser, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, G. Grassi, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, O. Gürses, I. Harris, R.A. Houghton, G.C. Hurtt, Y. Iida, T. Ilyina, I.T. Luijkx, A. Jain, S.D. Jones, E. Kato, D. Kennedy, K. Klein Goldewijk, J. Knauer, J.I. Korsbakken, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, S.K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, S. Lienert, J. Liu, G. Marland, P.C. McGuire, J.R. Melton, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, T. Ono, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, T.M. Rosan, J. Schwinger, C. Schwingshackl, R. Séférian, A.J. Sutton, C. Sweeney, T. Tanhua, P.P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F. Tubiello, G.R. van der Werf, N. Vuichard, C. Wada, R. Wanninkhof, A.J. Watson, D. Willis, A.J. Wiltshire, W. Yuan, C. Yue, X. Yue, S. Zaehle, and J. Zeng. Global carbon budget 2021. Earth System Science Data, 14(4):1917-2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022 2022
Ref. 4100 - García-Ibáñez, M.I., Y. Takeshita, E.F. Guallart, N.M. Fajar, D. Pierrot, F.F. Pérez, W.-J. Cai, and M. Álvarez. Gaining insights into the seawater carbonate system using discrete fCO2 measurements. Marine Chemistry, 245:104150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104150 2022
Ref. 4129 - Humphreys, M.P., E.R. Lewis, J.D. Sharp, and D. Pierrot. PyCO2SYS v1.8: Marine carbonate system calculations in Python. Geoscientific Model Development, 15(1):15-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-15-2022 2022
Ref. 4287 - Jiang, L.-Q., D. Pierrot, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, B. Tilbrook, S.R. Alin, L. Barbero, R.H. Byrne, B.R. Carter, A.G. Dickson, J.-P. Gattuso, D. Greeley, M. Hoppema, M.P. Humphreys, J. Karstensen, N. Lange, S.K. Lauvset, E. Lewis, A. Olsen, F.F. Perez, C. Sabine, J.D. Sharp, T. Tanhua, T.W. Trull, A. Velo, A.J. Allegra, P. Barker, E. Burger, W.-J. Cai, C.-T.A. Chen, J. Cross, H. Garcia, J.M. Hernandez-Ayon, X. Hu, A. Kozyr, C. Langdon, K. Lee, J. Salisbury, Z.A. Wang, and L. Xue. Best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:705638, https:/doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.705638 2022
Ref. 4065 - Osborne, E., X. Hu, E.R. Hall, K. Yates, J. Vreeland-Dawson, K. Shamberger, L. Barbero, J.M. Hernandez-Ayon, F.A. Gomez, T. Hicks, Y. Xu, M.R. McCutcheon, M. Acquafredda, C. Chapa-Balcorta, O. Norzagaray, D. Pierrot, A. Munoz-Caravaca, K.L. Dobson, N. Williams, N. Rabalais, and P. Dash. Ocean acidification in the Gulf of America: Drivers, impacts, and unknowns. Progress in Oceanography, 209:102882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102882 2022
Ref. 4177 - Wanninkhof, R., D. Pierrot, K. Sullivan, P. Mears, and L. Barbero. Comparison of discrete and underway CO2 measurements: Inferences on the temperature dependence of the fugacity of CO2 in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 247:104178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104178 2022
Ref. 4185 - Jiang, L.-Q., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, D. Greeley, L. Barbero, S. Alin, B.R. Carter, D. Pierrot, C. Featherstone, J. Hooper, C. Melrose, N. Monacci, J.D. Sharp, S. Shellito, Y.-Y Xu, A. Kozyr, R.H. Byrne, W.-J. Cai, J. Cross, G.C. Johnson, B. Hales, C. Langdon, J. Mathis, J. Salisbury, and D.W. Townsend. Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA)—An internally consistent data product for discrete inorganic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients on the North American ocean margins. Earth System Science Data, 13(6):2777-2799, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021 2021
Ref. 3980 - Friedlingstein, P., M. O’Sullivan, M.W. Jones, R.M. Andrew, J. Hauck, A. Olsen, G.P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, C. Le Quéré, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, S. Alin, L.E.O.C. Aragão, A. Arneth, V. Arora, N.R. Bates, M. Becker, A. Benoit-Cattin, H.C. Bittig, L. Bopp, S. Bultan, N. Chandra, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, W. Evans, L. Florentie, P.M. Forster, T. Gasser, M. Gehlen, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, I. Harris, K. Hartung, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Joetzjer, K. Kadono, E. Kato, V. Kitidis, J.I. Korsbakken, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, Z. Liu, D. Lombardozzi, G. Marland, N. Metzl, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, K. O’Brien, T. Ono, P.L. Palmer, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, A.J.P. Smith, A.J. Sutton, T. Tanhua, P.P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, G. van der Werf, N. Vuichard, A.P. Walker, R. Wanninkhof, A.J.Watson, D. Willis, A.J. Wiltshire, W. Yuan, X. Yue, and S. Zaehle. Global carbon budget 2020. Earth System Science Data, 12(4):3269-3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 2020
Ref. 3904 - Wanninkhof, R., D. Pierrot, K. Sullivan, L. Barbero, and J. Trinanes. A 17-year dataset of surface water fugacity of CO2 along with calculated pH, aragonite saturation state, and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the northern Caribbean Sea. Earth System Science Data, 12(3):1489-1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1489-2020 2020
Ref. 3821 - Chen, S., C. Hu, B.B. Barnes, R. Wanninkhof, W.-J. Cai, L. Barbero, and D. Pierrot. A machine learning approach to estimate surface ocean pCO2 from satellite measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment, 228:203-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019-04.019 2019
Ref. 3659 - Friedlingstein, P., M.W. Jones, M. O’Sullivan, R.M. Andrew, J. Hauck, G.P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, C. Le Quéré, D.C.E. Bakker, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, A. Bastos, V. Bastrikov, M. Becker, L. Bopp, E. Buitenhuis, N. Chandra, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, K.I. Currie, R.A. Feely, M. Gehlen, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, D.S. Goll, N. Gruber, S. Gutekunst, I. Harris, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Joetzjer, J.O. Kaplan, E. Kato, K.K. Goldewijk, J.I. Korsbakken, P. Landschützer, S.K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, G. Marland, P.C. McGuire, J.R. Melton, N. Metzl, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, C. Neill, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, A. Peregon, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, R. Séférian, J. Schwinger, N. Smith, P.P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F.N. Tubiello, G.R. van der Werf, A.J. Wiltshire, and S. Zaehle. Global carbon budget 2019. Earth System Science Data, 11(4):1783-1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019 2019
Ref. 3756 - Pierrot, D., and T. Steinhoff. Installation of autonomous underway pCO2) instruments onboard ships of opportunity. NOAA Technical Report, OAR-AOML-50, 31 pp., https://doi.org/10.25923/ffz6-0x48 2019
Ref. 3657 - Wanninkhof, R., P.A. Pickers, A.M. Omar, A. Sutton, A. Murata, A. Olsen, B.B. Stephens, B. Tilbrook, D. Munro, D. Pierrot, G. Rehder, J.M. Santana-Casiano, J.D. Muller, J. Trinanes, K. Tedesco, K. O’Brien, K. Currie, L. Barbero, M. Telszewski, M. Hoppema, M. Ishii, M. Gonzalez-Davila, N.R. Bates, N. Metzl, P. Suntharalingam, R.A. Feely, S.-I. Nakaoka, S.K. Lauvset, T. Takahashi, T. Steinhoff, and U. Schuster. A surface ocean CO2 reference network, SOCONET, and associated marine boundary layer CO2 measurements. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6:400, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00400 2019
Ref. 3685 - Le Quere, C., R.M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Hauck, J. Pongratz, P.A. Pickers, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, J.G. Canadell, A. Arneth, V.K. Arora, L. Barbero, A. Bastos, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, S.C. Doney, T. Gkritzalis, D.S. Goll, I. Harris, V. Haverd, F.M. Hoffman, M. Hoppema, R.A. Houghton, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, T. Johannessen, C.D. Jones, E. Kato, R.F. Keeling, K.K. Goldewijk, P. Landschutzer, N. Lefevre, S. Lienert, Z. Liu, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, C. Neill, A. Olsen, T. Ono, P. Patra, A. Peregon, W. Peters, P. Peylin, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, M. Rocher, C. Rodenbeck, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Seferian, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, A. Sutton, P.P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F.N. Tubiello, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, A.P. Walker, A.J. Wiltshire, R. Wright, S. Zaehle, and B. Zheng. Global carbon budget 2018. Earth System Science Data, 10(4):2141-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018 2018
Ref. 3629 - Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Pongratz, A.C. Manning, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, J.G. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, O.D. Andrews, V.K. Arora, D.C.E. Bakker, L. Barbero, M. Becker, R.A. Betts, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, C.E. Cosca, J. Cross, K. Currie, T. Gasser, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, C.W. Hunt, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, M. Kautz, R.F. Keeling, K. Klein Goldewijk, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, I. Lima, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S. Nakaoka, Y. Nojiri, X.A. Padin, A. Peregon, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, J. Reimer, C. Rödenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F.N. Tubiello, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, S. van Heuven, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, A.P. Walker, A.J. Watson, A.J. Wiltshire, S. Zaehle, and D. Zhu. Global carbon budget 2017. Earth System Science Data, 10(1):405-448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018 2018
Ref. 3587 - Reverdin, G., N. Metzl, S. Olafsdotir, V. Racape, T. Takahashi, M. Benetti, H. Valdimarsson, A. Benoit-Cattin, M. Danielsen, J. Fin, A. Naamar, D. Pierrot, K. Sullivan, F. Bringas, and G. Goni. SURATLANT: A 1993-2017 surface sampling in the central part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Earth System Science Data, 10(4):1901-1924, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1901-2018 2018
Ref. 3608 - Cai, W.-J., W.-J. Huang, G.W. Luther, D. Pierrot, M. Li, J. Testa, M. Xue, A. Joesoef, R. Mann, J. Brodeur, Y.-Y. Xu, B. Chen, N. Hussain, G.G. Waldbusser, J. Cornwell, and W.M. Kemp. Redox reactions and weak buffering capacity lead to acidification in the Chesapeake Bay. Nature Communications, 8(1):369, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00417-7 2017
Ref. 3461 - Pierrot, D., and F.J. Millero. The speciation of metals in natural waters. Aquatic Geochemistry, 23(1):1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-016-9292-4 2017
Ref. 3271 - Xu, Y.-Y., D. Pierrot, and W.-J. Cai. Ocean carbonate system computation for anoxic waters using an updated CO2SYS program. Marine Chemistry, 195:90-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.07.002 2017
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