Our Lab

The Environmental Microbiology Lab at AOML supports a highly collaborative multi-disciplinary research group that investigates the distribution, physiology, ecology, community structure, and function of microorganisms in the coastal and oceanic environment, and studies the interactions of these microbial communities with marine ecosystems and with humans.

Microbes help control the flow of energy and matter on our planet. Microbes can also degrade water quality and cause infections in humans, protected species, and critical habitats, such as coral. We investigate the mechanisms of this harm and work to understand and minimize the impact for both the environment and human health.

Kelly Goodwin
858.546.7142

| Kelly Goodwin

Principal Investigator
Headshot of Chris Sinigalliano of AOML

Christopher Singalliano
305.361.4384

| Christopher Singalliano

Principal Investigator, Environmental Microbiology

Maribeth Gidley
305.361.4445

| Maribeth Gidley

CIMAS Research Scientist, Environmental Public Health
Stephanie Rosalas, Postdoctoral associate, bioinformatics

Stephanie Rosalas
305.361.4511

| Stephanie Rosalas

CIMAS Postdoctoral Associate, Bioinformatics

What We Do

AOML’s Environmental Microbiology Lab allows researchers to use traditional microbiology and cutting-edge molecular techniques to support a variety of projects. Scientists working in this lab focus on coastal water quality and the microbiological inter-relationships between ecosystem health and human health. The Environmental Microbiology Lab supports the following research goals:

  • Provide new understanding of biodiversity to aid exploration and stewardship for marine and coastal resources
  • Improve evaluation of baseline and changed ecosystem function
  • Help stakeholders manage and mitigate contamination issues to protect health and economies
  • Develop and validate new methods and technologies to improve molecular capabilities
  • Provide research mentorship and training to the next generation of the nation’s environmental research workforce

The research activities conducted in the Environmental Microbiology lab help address the NOAA mission goal of Healthy Oceans and Resilient Coastal Communities and Economies by improving the capability to measure and understand the sources of degradation in coastal ecosystems and their impact on ecosystem health and resilience including the relationship of the oceans to human health. This work also enhances and increases the incorporation of science into ecosystem restoration and ecosystem-based management decisions.

Research Projects

eDNA CalCOFI Collaboration

AOML researcher Dr. Kelly Goodwin has teamed with colleagues at the J.C. Venter Institute and Scripps Institution of Oceanography to integrate modern, genome-based technologies (‘omics) into the 65-year-old California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program. CalCOFI is a multi-partner, long-term ecosystem and fisheries study off the coast of California.

Read about the collaboration in this post.

Beach and Water Quality Monitoring Developing and Validating Test Methods

AOML is at the forefront in the development and testing of cutting edge molecular technologies for the detection and enumeration of microbial contaminants in the marine environment, including development and optimization of molecular extraction and processing controls for beach, sediment, coastal, and oceanic samples, molecular microbial source tracking methods, and development and testing of molecular biosensors for portable and autonomous monitoring of microbial water quality.

We provide a wide variety of field trials and test-beds for new technologies developed by NOAA and by other partner agencies such as the EPA, as well as by collaborating academic institutions. With our wide array of collaborative partners, the Environmental Microbiology Lab also participates in a variety of large-scale multi-laboratory validation testing for such new molecular technologies in marine microbiology.

Check out this story on the recent BEACHES project. We collaborated on this project led by the University of Miami to determine pathogen risks for different areas at the beach.

Microbial Water Quality Surveys For the Coastal Environment

This project provides environmental assessments on the presence, abundance, and impacts of microbial contaminants in the marine environment. This work utilizes both traditional and new molecular technologies to enhance environmental quality assessments for a variety of studies. This includes the Florida Area Coastal Environment Program (FACE) to assess environmental impacts from microbial contaminants into critical coastal areas, research on the presence and persistence of fecal bacteria and other microbial contaminants in environmental reservoirs such as beach sand and marine debris, research on the impacts of hurricanes and storm surge on water quality and the microbial landscape, regional beach surveys utilizing molecular tools to provide microbial source tracking resources for stakeholders, and research on the environmental parameters that influence the transport, activity, and fate of microbial contaminants in the marine environment.

Oceans and Health Research Ecosystem and Human Health

This research focuses on the microbiological inter-relationships between oceans, ecosystem health, marine animal health, and human health. This work includes participation in a number of collaborative epidemiological beach studies, particularly at non-point-source beaches in both Florida and California, to better understand environmental factors influencing exposure and potential risk to bathers from microbial contaminants in beaches and recreational marine waters, studies on the shedding of bacteria by bathers at beaches and in recreational water, surveys of microbial pathogens in beaches and the coastal environment (such as Staphylococcus aureus, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA), research on the potential for zoonotic transfer of pathogens between humans and marine animals, investigation of bacterial pathogens from remote biopsies taken from free-living and stranded marine mammals, and studies on harmful algal blooms (particularly “red tide” caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis).

Environmental Microbiology for Coral Health & Monitoring Assessing Environmental Impacts

This project involves investigating and assessing the discharge of land-based microbial contaminants to the coastal environment and coral reefs that can negatively impact both human health and coral reef health. People and coral can be affected by similar pathogens (for example Herpes virus and the bacterium Serratia marcescens), and many of the bacteria and viruses in sewage and septic discharge can cause disease in coral, while harmful algal blooms can also hurt coral health.

As a part of the NOAA CHAMP effort, the Environmental Microbiology lab uses Traditional culture-based and molecular tools, including microbial source tracking and community metagenomic sequencing, to measure the presence and relative abundance of various microbial contaminants in the waters near coral reefs, in reef sediments, and in coral tissues themselves. In conjunction with nutrient monitoring, and other water quality measures, this can provide a useful tool to managers for better assessment and monitoring of coral reef health.

Biodiversity & Ecosystem Function of the Microbial World

Research on the Microbial Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function of marine microbial communities uses next-generation high capacity metagenomic community sequencing technology in combination with classical microbiology and ecology methods to tell us more about the baseline function, community structure, and potential resilience of marine microbial communities to changing stressors such as land-based sources of pollution, fluctuating water quality, oil spills, climate change, ocean acidification, etc.

Science Education and Research Mentorship Opportunities for Students

Science education and research mentorship at the AOML Environmental Microbiology lab provides opportunities for the transfer of cutting edge molecular technology to commercial applications, and for the development of the next generation high-technology workforce. AOML provides for technology transfer to other researchers, agencies, and stakeholders, provides training for visiting scientists, and summer internship experiences in environmental microbiology research for teachers, college students, and high school students.

This includes NOAA Hollings Scholars, NOAA Nancy Foster Scholars, Oceans & Human Health Program Interns, NOAA-Smith College Program Interns, Environmental Protection Agency Interns, University Research Assistants (undergraduate and graduate), students from NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU), and High School Research Interns.

Methods Development & Technology Transition

AOML’s Environmental Microbiology Program was the recipients of a 2012 NOAA Technology Transfer Award. The lab was recognized for their leadership in developing microbial source tracking tools for identifying contamination sources in coastal waters. These tools are now being used by city and county managers to devise mitigation strategies for restoring water quality, decrease risks to human health, and preserve coastal economies.

Featured in Waterways: Beach Pathogen Project

Image of a surf zone from the water with a fish-eye lens.

Few accessible places represent Earth’s natural beauty quite like our beaches, but looks can be deceiving if there is a bacterial outbreak or contamination from offshore activities. Not being able to see these contaminants puts families at risk of exposure if they aren’t properly warned. The BEACHES project (Beach Exposure And Child Health Study), a collaboration between the University of Miami’s College of Engineering and the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies and AOML, along with the Universities of Arkansas and Texas, aims to pair child behavioral science with microbiology to address exposure risk of beachgoers. Learn more in the video, or by reading the Blog Post.

Our Stories

2017 Interns
July 1, 2017
Meet our Summer 2017 Interns
Read More
May 13, 2016
NOAA Research on Microbial Communities Contributes to National Microbiome Initiative
Read More
Photo Credit: NWS/ NCEP
May 12, 2016
Study Explores Role of El Niño in Transport of Waterborne Disease
Read More
September 13, 2015
AOML Leads Research Efforts Across Caribbean to Improve Bleaching Predictions
Read More
June 1, 2015
AOML Oceanographers to Participate in New Summer Lecture Series
Read More
May 26, 2015
AOML Enlists Citizen Scientists for International Ocean Sampling Day 2015
Read More
King Tide: tide at 10:30am shows high watermark on a bridge in Coconut Grove
October 8, 2014
Research Fit for a King Tide
Read More

Publications

Publication List (Since 2002)

  • Click here to See All

    Performance evaluation of canine-associated Bacterioidales assays in a multi-laboratory comparison study. A. Schriewer, C.D. Sinigallinao, K.D. Goodwin, A. Cox, D. Wanless, J. Bartkowiak, D.L. Ebentier, K.T. Hanley, J. Ervin, L.A. Deering, O.C. Shanks, L.A. Peed, W.G. Meijer, J. Griffith, J. Santo Domingo, J.A. Jay, P.A. Holden, and S. Wuertz. Water Research, submitted (2013).

    Performance of Human Fecal Anaerobe-Associated PCR-Based Assays in a Multi-Laboratory Method Evaluation Study. B.A. Layton, Y. Cao, D.L. Ebentier, K. Hanley L.C. Van De Werfhorst, D. Wang, T. Madi, R. Whitman, M. Byappanahalli, E. Ballesté, W.G. Meijer, A. Schriewer, S. Wuertz, R. Converse, R. Noble, S. Srinivasan, J.B. Rose, C.S. Lee, J. Lee, J. Gentry-Shields, J. Stewart, G.H. Reischer, A.H. Farnleitner, M.L. Gidley, C.D. Sinigalliano, J. Brandão, R. Rodrigues, S. Lozach, M. Gourmelon, L. Peed, J.A. Jay, P.A. Holden, A.B. Boehm; O.C. Shanks; J.F. Griffith. Water Research, in press (2013).

    Microbial source tracking: State of the science and future directions. J. Stewart,J., A.B. Boehm, E.A. Dubinsky, T.-T. Fong, K.D. Goodwin, J.F. Griffith, K. Vijayavel, R.T. Noble, O.C. Shanks, and S.B. Weisberg. Water Research, in press (2013).

    Multi-Laboratory Evaluations of the Performance of Catellicoccus marimammalium PCR Assays Developed to Target Gull Fecal Sources. C.D. Sinigalliano, J. Ervin, L.C. Van de Werfhorst, D. Wang, D. Wanless, J. Bartkowiak, B. Layton, M. Raith, A.B.B. Schriewer, C. Lee, K. D. Goodwin, J. Lee, A.B. Boehm, R. Noble, P.A. Holden, J. A. Jay, S. Wuertz, M. Byappanhalli, R. Whitman, M.J. Sadowsky, W. G. Meijer, E. Balleste, M. Gourmelon, J.F. Griffith, H. Ryu, and J.W. Santo Domingo. Water Research, in press (2013).

    Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of a suite of PCR-based microbial source tracking methods. D.L. Ebentier, K.T. Hanley, Y. Cao, B. Badgley, A. Boehm, J. Ervin, K.D. Goodwin, M. Gourmelon, J. Griffith, P. Holden, C.A. Kelthy, S. Lozach, C. McGhee, L. Peed, M. Raith, M.J. Sadowsky, E. Scott, J. Santo Domingo, C. Sinigalliano, O. Shanks, L.C. Van de Werfhorst, D. Wan, S. Wuertz and J. Jay. Water Research, in press (2013).

    A.M. Cox and K.D. Goodwin. Analysis of sample preparation methods for quantitative detection of DNA by molecular assays and marine biosensors. Environmental Pollution Bulletin, submitted (2013).

    Interlaboratory comparison of real-time PCR protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria. Shanks OC, Sivaganesan M, Peed L, Kelty CA, Blackwood AD, Greene MR, Noble RT, Bushon RN, Stelzer EA, Kinzelman J, Anan?eva T, Sinigalliano C, Wanless D, Griffith J, Cao Y, Weisberg S, Harwood VJ, Staley C, Oshima KH, Varma M, Haugland RA. Environmental Science and Technology. 46: 945-953 (2012).

    A multi-beach study of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and enterocci in seawater and beach sand. K.D. Goodwin, M. McNay, Y. Cao, D. Ebentier, M. Madison, and J. F. Griffith. Water Research, 46(13): 4195-207. Epub 21-APR-2012. 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.001 (2012).

    Occurrence and Persistence of Human Pathogens and Indicator Organisms in beach sands along the California Coast. K. Yamahara, L. Sassoubre, K.D. Goodwin and A. Boehm. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(6):1733-1745 (2012).

    New USEPA Water Quality Criteria by 2012: Gulf of Mexico Alliance concerns and recommendations. J. Gooch-Moore, K.D. Goodwin, C. Dorsey, R.D. Ellender, J.B. Mott, M. Ornelas, C. Sinigalliano, B. Vincent, D. Whiting. S.H. Wolfe Journal of Water and Health, 9(4), 718-733, http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/up/wh2011156.htm (2011).

    Microbial Source Tracking in Beaches and Coastal Environments. Solo-Gabriele HM, Boehm AB, Scott TM, Sinigalliano CD. In: Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies, 1st Edition; Section IX: Case Studies; Chapter 21: Beaches and Coastal Environments. Hagedorn E, Blanch A. Harwood VJ (eds.). Springer Press. pp 451-484. (2011).

    Indicator microbes correlate with pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and helminthes in sand at a subtropical recreational beach site. Shah AH, Abdelzaher AM, Phillips M, Hernandez R, Solo-Gabriele HM, Kish J, Scorzetti G, Fell JW, Diaz MR, Scott, TM, Lukasik J, Harwood VJ, McQuaig S, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley ML, Wanless D, Agar A, Lui J, Stewart JR, Plano LRW, Fleming LE. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 110:1571-1583 (2011).

    Daily measures of microbes and human health at a non-point source marine beach. Abdelzaher AM, Wright ME, Ortega C, Rasem Hasan A, Shibata T, Solo-Gabriele M, Kish J, Withum K, He G, Elmir SM, Bonilla JA, Bonilla TD, Palmer, CJ, Scott TM, Lukasik J, Harwood VJ, McQuaig S, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley, ML, Wanless D, Plano, LRW, Garza, AC, Zhu X, Stewart JR, Dickerson JW, Yampara-Iquise H, Carson C, Fleisher JM, Fleming LE. Journal of Water and Health. 9:443-457. (2011).

    Shedding of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Adult and Pediatric Bathers in Marine Waters. Plano LRW, Garza A, Shibata T, Elmir S, Kish J, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley ML, Miller G, Withum K, Fleming LE, Solo¬Gabriele H. BMC Microbiology 11(1):5. (2011).

    Bacterial uptake of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride in bulk aerobic soils. Y. Mendoza, K. Goodwin and J.D. Happell. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(17), 5835-5841 (2011).

    Pathogen occurrence and distribution in tropical coastal streams as related to fecal indicators and land use. E.J. Viau, K.D. Goodwin, K. Yamahara, L. Sassoubre, B. Layton, Y. Lu and A. Boehm. Water Research, 45(11), 3279-3290 (2011).

    Boynton-Delray Coastal Water Quality Monitoring Program. T. Carsey, C. Featherstone, K. Goodwin, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stamates, J.-Z. Zhang, J. Proni, J. Bishop, C. Brown, M. Adler, P. Blackwelder, H. Alsayegh. NOAA Technical Report, OAR AOML-39. August 2011. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

    Molecular detection of harmful algal blooms (HABs) using locked nucleic acids and bead array technology. M.R. Diaz, J.W. Jacobson, K.D. Goodwin, J.W. Fell, S.A. Dunbar. Submitted.

    FACE outfalls survey cruise – October 6-19, 2006. Carsey, T.P., H. Casanova, C. Drayer, C. Featherstone, C. Fischer, K. Goodwin, J. Proni, A. Saied, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stamates, P. Swart, and J.-Z. Zhang. NOAA Technical Report, OAR AOML-38, 130 pp. (CD-ROM) (2010).

    Evaluation of conventional and alternative monitoring methods for a recreational marine beach with non-point source of fecal contamination. Shibata, T., Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Sinigalliano, C.D., Gidley, M.B., Plano, L.R., Fleisher, J., Wang, J., Elmir, S., He, G., Wright, M., Abdelzaher, A., Ortega, C., Wanless, D., Garza, A, Kish, J., Scott, T., Hollenbeck, J., Backer, L.C., Fleming, L.E. Environmental Science & Technology. 44(21):8175-81. (2010).

    Traditional and Molecular Analyses for Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Non-point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Waters. Sinigalliano, CD, Fleisher, J.M., Gidley, M.L., Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Shibata, T., Plano, L.R., Elmir, S.M., Wanless, D., Bartkowiak. J.,Boiteaua, R., Withum, K., Abdelzaher, A.M., He, G., Ortega, C., Zhub, X, Wright, M.E., Kish, J., Hollenbeck, J., Backer, L.C., Fleming, L.E. Water Research. 44:3763-3772. (2010).

    The BEACHES Study: Health effects and exposures from nonpoint source microbial contaminants in subtropical recreational marine waters. Fleisher, J.M., L.E. Fleming, H.M. Solo-Gabriele, J.K. Kish, C.D. Sinigalliano, L.W. Plano, S.M. Elmir, J.D. Wang, K.F. Withum, T. Shibata, M.L. Gidley, A. Abdelzaher, G. He, C. Ortega, X. Zhu, M.D. Wright, J.A. Hollenbeck, and L.C. Backer. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39:1291-1298. (2010).

    Presence of pathogens and indicator microbes at a non-point-source subtropical recreational marine beach. Abdelzaher, A., Wright, M., Ortega, C. Solo-Gabriele, H., Miller, G. Elmir, S., Newman, X., Shih, P., Bonilla, T.D., Palmer, C.J., Scott, T., Lukasik, J., Harwood, V.J., McQuaig, S., Sinigalliano, C., Gidley, M., Plano, L., Zhu, X., Wang, J.D., Fleming, L. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76(3): 724-732. (2010).

    Quantitative Evaluation of Enterococci and Bacteroidales Released by Adults and Toddlers in Marine Water. Elmir SM, Shibata T, Solo-Gabriele HM, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley ML, Miller G, Plano L, Kish J, Withum K, Fleming LE. Water Research Journal Vol. 43, Issue 18, 4610 ? 4616. (PMID: 19646730). (2009).

    Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution. Rosario K, Symonds EM, Sinigalliano C, Stewart J, Breitbart M. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:7261-7267. (2009).

    Viable cell sorting of dinoflagellates by multi-parametric flow cytometry. Sinigalliano, C.D., J. Winshell, M.A. Guerrero, G. Scorzetti, J.W. Fell, R.W. Eaton, L. Brand, and K.S. Rein. Phycologia. 48: 249?257. (2009).

    Performance of CHROMagar™ Staph aureus and CHROMagar™ MRSA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in beach water and sand – comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses. K.D. Goodwin and M. Pobuda. Water Research, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.025 (2009).

    Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: a comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands. A.B. Boehm, J. Griffith, C. McGee, T.A. Edge, H.M. Solo-Gabriele, R. Whitman, Y. Tsao, M. Getrich, J.A. Jay, D. Ferguson, K.D. Goodwin, C.M. Lee, M. Madison, and S.B. Weisberg. Journal of Applied Microbiology (2009).

    A preliminary investigation of fecal indicator bacteria, human pathogens, and source tracking markers in beach water and sand. K.D. Goodwin, L. Matragano, D. Wanless, C. Sinigalliano, M.J. LaGier. Environmental Research Journal, 2(4):395-417, pp. 255-277 (2009).

    A glimpse of the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program. T. Carsey, K.D. Goodwin, J. Hendee, J.R. Proni, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stewart, J.-Z. Zhang, N. Amornthammarong, J. Craynock, S. Cummings, P. Dammann, C. Featherstone, J. Stamates, K. Sullivan. A Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008 (2009).

    Emerging technologies for monitoring recreational waters for bacteria and viruses. K.D. Goodwin and R.W. Litaker. IN: Oceans and Human Health: Risk and Remedies from the Seas. P.J. Walsh, S.L. Smith, W.H. Gerwick, H. Solo-Gabriele, L. Fleming, eds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 381-404, ISBN-13: 978-0123725844 (2008).

    The coastal environment and human health: Microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and reservoirs. Stewart, J.R., R.J. Gast, R.S. Fujioka, H.M. Solo-Gabriele, J.S. Meschke, L.A. Amaral-Zettler, E.Del Castillo, M.F. Polz, T.K. Collier, M.S. Strom, C.D. Sinigalliano, P.D.R. Moeller, and A.F. Holland. Environmental Health. 7(Suppl 2):S3. (2008).

    Multiple simultaneous detection of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) through a high throughput bead array technology, with potential use in phytoplankton community analysis. Scorzetti G., L.E. Brand, G.L. Hitchcock, K.S. Rein, C.D. Sinigalliano and J.W. Fell. Harmful Algae. 8(2):196-211. (2008).

    Acoustic methods for water mass delineation in coastal marine ecosystems. Proni, J., J. Stamates, T. Carsey, J.-Z. Zhang, C.D. Sinigalliano, and K. Sullivan. J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 May; 123 (5):3212. (2008).

    The future for monitoring. C.J. Palmer, T.D. Bonilla, J.A. Bonilla, S. Elmir, K.D. Goodwin, H.M. Solo Gabriele, and A. Abdelzaher. IN: Oceans and Human Health: Risk and Remedies from the Seas. P.J. Walsh, S.L. Smith, W.H. Gerwick, H. Solo-Gabriele, L. Fleming, eds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 405-429, ISBN-13: 978-0123725844 (2008).

    The possibility of false negative results hampers the ability to elucidate the relationship between fecal indicator bacteria and human pathogens and source tracking markers in beach water and sand. K.D. Goodwin, L. Matragano, D. Wanless, C. Sinigalliano, M.J. LaGier. IN: Marine Pollution: New Research. T.N. Hofer, ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 255-277, IBSN-13: 978-1604562422 (2008).

    Salt aerosol and bioaerosol production from a sea-salt aerosol generator. D. Voss, H. Maring, K.D. Goodwin. IN: Marine Pollution: New Research. T.N. Hofer, ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 399-429, IBSN-13: 978-1604562422 (2008).

    Electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. M.J. LaGier, J.W. Fell, and K.D. Goodwin. Marine Pollution Bulletin, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.017, 54:757-770 (2007).

    Luminex detection of fecal indicators in river samples, marine recreational water, and beach sand. I.B. Baums, K.D. Goodwin, T. Kiesling, D. Wanless, M. Diaz, and J.W. Fell. Marine Pollution Bulletin, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.018, 54:521-536 (2007).

    Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the microbial landscape of the New Orleans area. Sinigalliano, C.D., M.L. Gidley, T. Shibata, D. Whitman, T.H. Dixon, E. Laws, A. Hou, D. Bachoon, L. Brand, L. Amaral-Zettler, R.J. Gast, G.F. Steward, O.D. Nigro, R. Fujioka, W.Q. Betancourt, G. Vithanage, J. Mathews, L.E. Fleming, and H.M. Solo-Gabriele. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(21):9029-9034. (2007).

    Brevard County Near Shore Ocean Nutrification Analysis. T.P. Carsey, R. Ferry, K.D. Goodwin, P.B. Ortner, J. Proni, P.K. Swart, J.-Z. Zhang. NOAA Technical Memorandum, in press (2005).

    Toluene inhibits methyl bromide biodegradation in seawater and isolation of a marine toluene-oxidizer that degrades methyl bromide. K.D. Goodwin, R. Tokarczyk, F.C. Stephens, and E.S. Saltzman, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(7): 3495-3503 (2005).

    A DNA hybridization assay to identify toxic dinoflagellates in coastal waters: detection of Karenia Brevis in the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. K.D. Goodwin, S.A. Cotton, G. Scorzetti, and J.W. Fell, Harmful Algae, 4: 411-422 (2005).

    Localization of polyketide synthase encoding genes to the toxic dinoflagellates Karenia brevis. Snyder, R.V., Guerrero, M.A., Sinigalliano, C.D., Winshell, J., Perez, R., Lopez, J.V., and Rein, K.S. Phytochemistry 66:1767-1780. (2005).

    Detection of Karenia brevis by a microtiter plate assay. K.D. Goodwin, G. Scorzetti, S.A. Cotton, T.L. Kiesling, P.B. Ortner, and J.W. Fell. IN: Harmful Algae 2002. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Algae. Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H. Tomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (2004).

    Methyl bromide and methyl chloride in the Southern Ocean. Yvon-Lewis, S.A., D.B. King, R. Tokarczyk, K.D. Goodwin, E.S. Saltzman, and J.H. Butler. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, CO2008, doi:10.1029/2003JC001809 (2004).

    Methyl chloride and methyl bromide degradation in the Southern Ocean. R. Tokarczyk, K.D. Goodwin, E.S. Saltzman. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(15): OCE 2-1-2-4, doi:10.1029/2003GL017459 (2003).

    Bacterial degradation of trihalomethanes, Goodwin, K.D. In: M.S. Fram, B.A. Bergamaschi, K.D. Goodwin, R. Fujii, J.F. Clark, Processes affecting the trihalomethane concentrations associated with the subsurface injection, storage, and recovery program in Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 03-4062,http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri034062/ (2003).

    Halocarbon biogeochemistry. L.G. Miller and K.D. Goodwin (editors). Biogeochemistry, special issue, 60, 92 pages (2002).

    Water-Quality Monitoring and Studies of the Formation and Fate of Trihalomethanes during the Third Injection, Storage, and Recovery Test at Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, March 1998 through April 1999. Fram, M.S., J.K. Berghouse, B.A. Bergamaschi, R. Fuji, K.D. Goodwin, and, J.F. Clark. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 02-102 (2002).

    Leisingera methylohalidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine methylotroph that grows on methyl bromide . J.K. Schaefer, K.D. Goodwin, I.R. McDonald, J.C. Murrell, and R.S. Oremland. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52: 851-859 (2002).

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