Sullivan, Kevin
NOAA/AOML CIMAS
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fl 33149
305-361-4382
kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov
Rodriguez, Carmen
RSMAS/University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fl 33149
305-421-4708
crodriguez@rsmas.miami.edu
Millero, Frank
RSMAS/University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149
305-421-4707
FMillero@rsmas.miami.edu
Pierrot, Denis
NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149
305-361-4441
Denis.Pierrot@noaa.gov
Wanninkhof, Rik
NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149
305-361-4379
Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov
NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program
20200505
20200505
WS19028
Research Cruise
Ship
Equilibrator-IR or CRDS or GC
33WA20190128
AOML_SOOP_CO2, SFER
-82.9
-80.0
27.2
24.3
20190128
20190201
Miami, FL, USA
R/V F.G. Walton Smith
33WA
University of Miami
xCO2_EQU_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm)
xCO2_ATM_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm)
xCO2_ATM_interpolated_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm)
PRES_EQU_hPa
Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hPa)
PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa
Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hPa)
TEMP_EQU_C
Water temperature in equilibrator (°C)
SST_C
Sea surface temperature (°C)
SAL_permil
Sea surface salinity on Practical Salinity Scale (o/oo)
fCO2_SW@SST_uatm
Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (μatm)
fCO2_ATM_interpolated_uatm
Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (μatm)
dfCO2_uatm
Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (μatm)
WOCE_QC_FLAG
Quality control flag for fCO2 values (2=good, 3=questionable)
QC_SUBFLAG
Quality control subflag for fCO2 values, provides explanation when QC flag=3
1.5 meters
Bow
Spray head above dynamic pool, with thermal jacket
0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace)
1.5 - 2.0 L/min
70 - 150 ml/min
Yes
Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).
Primary equilibrator is vented through a secondary equilibrator.
Yes, 5 readings in a group every 4.5 hours
On mast above the bridge at ~13 meters above the sea surface
Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).
IR
LI-COR
6262
Every 140 seconds, except during calibration
± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_SW
± 2 μatm in fCO2_SW
± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_ATM
± 0.5 μatm in fCO2_ATM
Std 1: FF4297, 213.54 ppm, owned by RSMAS, used every ~4.5 hours.
Std 2: FF42246, 382.17 ppm, owned by RSMAS, used every ~4.5 hours.
Std 3: FF8858, 611.01 ppm, owned by RSMAS, used every ~4.5 hours.
Std 4: FF3582, 1530.42 ppm, owned by RSMAS, used every ~4.5 hours.
Std 5: LL100000, 0.00 ppm, owned by AOML, used every ~23.0 hours.
The analyzer is calibrated every ~4.5 hours using field standards that were calibrated with primary standards at AOML that are directly traceable to the WMO scale. Ultra-High Purity air (0.0 ppm CO2) and the high standard are used to zero and span the LI-COR analyzer.
Instrument is located in an air-conditioned laboratory.
Pierrot, D., C. Neil, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lueger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines, Deep-Sea Res II, 56, 512-522.
details of CO2 sensing (not required)
xco2(dry)
4
After sea water pump in the forward, port hull
Seabird, Inc.
SBE 38
0.001
0.0003
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship.
Inserted into equilibrator ~5 cm below water level
Hart
1523
0.015
0.001
Factory calibration
Resolution is taken as Precision.
Attached to equilibrator headspace. Differential pressure reading from Setra 239 attached to the equilibrator headspace is added to the pressure reading from the LICOR, which is measured by an external Setra 270 connected to the exit of the analyzer.
Setra
270
0.15
0.015
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision.
yes
On mast above bridge at ~13 m above sea surface.
R.M. Young
61302
± 0.3 hPa
0.1 hPa
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision.
Near the sea water pump in the forward, port hull.
Seabird
SBE 45
± 0.005 o/oo
0.0002 o/oo
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision
The analytical system operated fine during the cruise, though the equilibrator temperature was not recorded for 2.6 days in the middle of the cruise.
The ship's sensors were not recorded for the last hour of the cruise and for a shorter interval on the second day. Missing Equilibrator temperature values were estimated by adding 0.39 degrees to the SST values.
Missing SST values were estimated by subtracting 0.39 degrees from the Equilibrator temperature. For the ~1.5 days with both measurements, the average difference between the SST and Equilibrator temperature is 0.39 (+/- 0.12) degree Celsius.
Missing barometric pressure values were estimated by adding 0.07 mbar to the LICOR pressure. For ~4 days with both measurements, the average difference between the barometric and LICOR pressures is 0.07 (+/- 0.09) mbar.
Missing salinity values were estimated from adjacent measured values. Original Data Location: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/ocdweb/wsmith/wsmith_introduction.html .
Full unprocessed data files from analytical instrument including flow information plus meteorological and TSG data at time of sampling can be obtained upon request.
NA
underway