Sullivan, Kevin
NOAA/AOML CIMAS
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fl 33149
(305) 361-4382
kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov
Wanninkhof, Rik
NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149
305-361-4379
Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov
Pierrot, Denis
NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149
305-361-4441
Denis.Pierrot@noaa.gov
NOAA Climate Program Office
20120728
20170221
RB1101
Research Cruise
Ship
Equilibrator-IR
33RO20110721
AOML_SOOP_CO2, PNE
-78.3
16.6
32.3
-32.9
20110721
20110820
Charleston, SC
Cape Town, South Africa
R/V Ronald H. Brown
33RO
NOAA
xCO2_EQU_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm)
ppm
xCO2_ATM_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm)
ppm
xCO2_ATM_interpolated_ppm
Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm)
ppm
PRES_EQU_hPa
Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hPa)
hPa
PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa
Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hPa)
hPa
TEMP_EQU_C
Water temperature in equilibrator (°C)
Degree C
SST_C
Sea surface temperature (°C)
Degree C
SAL_permil
Sea surface salinity on Practical Salinity Scale (o/oo)
ppt
fCO2_SW@SST_uatm
Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (μatm)
μatm
fCO2_ATM_interpolated_uatm
Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (μatm)
μatm
dfCO2_uatm
Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (μatm)
μatm
WOCE_QC_FLAG
Quality control flag for fCO2 values (2=good, 3=questionable)
None
QC_SUBFLAG
Quality control subflag for fCO2 values, provides explanation when QC flag=3
None
5 meters
Bow
Spray head above dynamic pool, with thermal jacket
0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace)
1.5 - 2.0 L/min
70 - 150 ml/min
Yes
Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).
Primary equilibrator is vented through a secondary equilibrator.
Yes, 5 readings in a group every 3.5 hours
Bow tower ~10 m above the sea surface.
Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).
IR
LI-COR
6262
Every 140 seconds, except during calibration
± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_SW
± 2 μatm in fCO2_SW
± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_ATM
± 0.5 μatm in fCO2_ATM
Std 1: CA06709, 284.75 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours.
Std 2: CA02813, 363.24 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours.
Std 3: CA07921, 423.57 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours.
Std 4: CA07931, 545.88 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours.
Std 5: 0.00 ppm, owned by AOML, used every ~23.0 hours.
4
The analyzer is calibrated every 3.5 hours using field standards that were calibrated with primary standards that are directly traceable to the WMO scale. Ultra-High Purity air (0.0 ppm CO2) and the high standard are used to zero and span the LI-COR analyzer.
Instrument is located in an air-conditioned laboratory.
Pierrot, D., C. Neil, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lueger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines, Deep-Sea Res II, 56, 512-522.
details of CO2 sensing (not required)
xco2(dry)
Bow thruster room, before sea water pump, ~5 m below water line.
Seabird
SBE-21
0.01
0.001
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship.
Inserted into equilibrator ~5 cm below water level
Hart
1521
0.025
0.01
Factory calibration
Resolution is taken as Precision.
Attached to equilibrator headspace. Differential pressure reading from Setra 239 attached to the equilibrator headspace is added to the pressure reading from the LICOR. The LICOR pressure transducer has the limiting accuracy.
LICOR
6262
01.2
0.02
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision.
On bulkhead exterior on the port side of the radio room aft of the bridge at ~21 m above the sea surface.
Vaisala
PTB330
± 0.2 hPa
± 0.08 hPa
Factory calibration
yes
Manufacturer's resolution is taken as precision. Maintained by ship.
Attached to underway system at sea water input.
Seabird
SBE 45
± 0.005 o/oo
0.0002 o/oo
Factory calibration
Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision
1. The pCO2 system was removed from the ship on May, 2010 and reinstalled on September. After that, recorded Licor pressure values were 7 hPa higher than sea level pressures. However, historical data showed that Licor pressure values were slightly lower than sea level pressures. It was concluded that the recorded Licor pressure values were incorrect, and so, they were estimated from the sea level pressures using a constant offset of -0.80 hPa. The offset was calculated from data collected for the 5 previous cruises (RB0901, RB0902, RB0903, RB0904 in 2009 and RB2010_PNE in 2010, n=48,953).
2. During the processing of the data, it was determined that there is a 2.5 minute offset between the SST data record (i.e. SBE21 in the instrument chest) and the equilibrator temperature data record. The water takes about 2.5 minutes to travel
from the inlet at the hull to the analytical equilibrator.
3. During January and February 2017, minor format changes were made to the header, the expocode was added to the data file, and the value for missing data was changed to -999. Additional raw data were found, and all the data was recalculated. Original Data Location: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/ocdweb/brown/brown_introduction.html
NA
underway