Sullivan, Kevin NOAA/AOML CIMAS

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fl 33149

(305) 361-4382 kevin.sullivan@noaa.gov Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149

305-361-4379 Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov NOAA Climate Program Office 20120728 20170601 RB0806-Leg1 Research Cruise Ship Equilibrator-IR 33RO20081014 AOML_SOOP_CO2, STRATUS9 -86.0 -70.4 8.8 -20.2 20081014 20081103 Rodman, Panama Arica, Chile R/V Ronald H. Brown 33RO NOAA xCO2_EQU_ppm Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm) ppm xCO2_ATM_ppm Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm) ppm xCO2_ATM_interpolated_ppm Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm) ppm PRES_EQU_hPa Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hPa) hPa PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hPa) hPa TEMP_EQU_C Water temperature in equilibrator (°C) Degree C SST_C Sea surface temperature (°C) Degree C SAL_permil Sea surface salinity on Practical Salinity Scale (o/oo) ppt fCO2_SW@SST_uatm Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (μatm) μatm fCO2_ATM_interpolated_uatm Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (μatm) μatm dfCO2_uatm Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (μatm) μatm WOCE_QC_FLAG Quality control flag for fCO2 values (2=good, 3=questionable) None QC_SUBFLAG Quality control subflag for fCO2 values, provides explanation when QC flag=3 None 5 meters Bow Spray head above dynamic pool, no thermal jacket 0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace) 1.5 - 2.0 L/min 70 - 150 ml/min Yes Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry). Primary equilibrator is vented through a secondary equilibrator. Yes, 5 readings in a group every 3.5 hours Bow tower ~10 m above the sea surface. Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry). IR LI-COR 6262 Every 140 seconds, except during calibration ± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_SW ± 2 μatm in fCO2_SW ± 0.01 μatm in fCO2_ATM ± 0.5 μatm in fCO2_ATM Std 1: CA06709, 284.75 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours. Std 2: CA02813, 363.24 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours. Std 3: CA07921, 423.57 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours. Std 4: CA07931, 545.88 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every ~3.5 hours. Std 5: 0.00 ppm, owned by AOML, used every ~28.0 hours. 4 The analyzer is calibrated every 3.5 hours using field standards that were calibrated with primary standards that are directly traceable to the WMO scale. Ultra-High Purity air (0.0 ppm CO2) and the high standard are used to zero and span the LI-COR analyzer. Instrument is located in an air-conditioned laboratory. Pierrot, D., C. Neil, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lueger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines, Deep-Sea Res II, 56, 512-522. details of CO2 sensing (not required) xco2(dry) Bow thruster room, before sea water pump, ~5 m below water line. Seabird SBE-21 0.01 0.001 Factory calibration Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship. Inserted into equilibrator ~5 cm below water level Hart 1521 0.025 0.01 Factory calibration Resolution is taken as Precision. Attached to equilibrator headspace. Differential pressure reading from Setra 239 attached to the equilibrator headspace is added to the pressure reading from the LICOR. The LICOR pressure transducer has the limiting accuracy. LICOR 6262 01.2 0.02 Factory calibration Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision. On rail outside the top of the sampling hangar, at ~8 m above sea surface. Druck RPT350 ± 0.08 hPa 0.01 hPa Factory calibration yes Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision. Attached to underway system at sea water input. Seabird SBE 45 ± 0.005 o/oo 0.0002 o/oo Factory calibration Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision There were propulsion (Z-drive) problems that required interruption of this cruise. The ship left Panama on 14 Oct, sailed ~SW for ~day, and then returned to Panama for repairs. During this first interval, the CO2 system performed fine though the SCS data were not recorded - there was no direct SST measurements. The ship left Panama a day later (18 Oct, YD 292), but the GPS as well as the SCS data were not being recorded. The GPS positions were recorded starting at 15:00 on 20 Oct (YD 294.62) and the SCS data were recorded starting at 10:00 on 21 Oct (YD 295.42). The first submission of data for this cruise only included analyses that had SCS data. The resubmission includes some new raw data files plus all of the data initially submitted. With the resubmission of data, the ExpoCode associated with the cruise was adjusted to cover the new data at the start of the cruise. For the analyses with SCS data, a 1.65min time offset between the Equ and SBE21 Temperatures was determined, which was the transit time between the inlet and seawater pump and the equilibrator. A 0.226 (+/-0.056) degree Celsius temperature offset between the equilibrator and time-shifted SST (YD 296.5 - 308) was calculated. The equilibrator temperatures were warmer. For the analyses without SCS data, the SST values were estimated by subtracting 0.226 degree from the equilibrator temperatures. Original Data Location: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/ocdweb/brown/brown_introduction.html NA underway