Meta-Data

1869/01: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.  Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon observations from the ships "Olaf Nicklesen" and "Prinze Frederik".

1869/02:  No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Inland winds over Texas reduced via Kaplan and DeMaria's (1995) inland decay model.  Storm determined to have reached hurricane status based upon observations from the ship "Julia A. Rider" and from central Texas.  The storm is also known as the "Lower Texas Coast Hurricane of 1869" in Ludlum (1963).

1869/03: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.  Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon observations from the ship "Siene".

1869/04:  Major change for this storm:  A 48 hr track was achieved, while Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) had originally kept the storm stationary.  Track was achieved by considering the observations from the "Harriet" and "Mary Celeste".

1869/05:  No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Inland winds over the Louisiana reduced via Kaplan and DeMaria's (1995)   inland decay model.  Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon reports from Grand Isle and New Orleans.

1869/06:  Have altered significantly the track from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis based upon Ho's (1989) work, which was apparently not utilized by Partagas and Diaz.  Surge value of 8' provided by Ho's (1989) for Providence, Rhode Island.  Ship with central pressure observation of 950 mb gives 97 kt with new northern wind-pressure relationship and Ho's estimated  landfall central pressure of 963 mb gives 88 kt.  Have assigned 100 kt for six hourly intensity based upon the ship observation and 90 kt at landfall time.  Central pressure measurement of 973 mb measured at Milton, MA gives 80 kt with new northern wind-pressure relationship - 80 kt used in best-track.  Storm determined to have reached major hurricane status based central pressure reading of 950 mb as well as several ship reports.  Storm  also known as the "September Gale of 1869 in Eastern New England" in Ludlum's (1963).  Inland winds over New England reduced via Kaplan and DeMaria's (1995)  inland decay model.

1869/07:  No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Ship with central pressure observation of 979 mb gives 79 kt with new southern wind-pressure relationship, thus 80 kt is assigned to the best track. Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon the above central pressure reading and several ship observations.

1869/08:  No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.  No track available, only one point.

1869/09: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.  No track available, only one point.

1869/10: Major alteration is to shift track farther to the west over New England to account for observations at Nantucket Island and Gardiner as described in Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) and to take into account new analysis by Abraham et al. (1998).  Abraham et al. showed that this hurricane was undergoing extratropical transition as it interacted with (and was likely absorbed by) a secondary, baroclinic low on the 5th of October.   Pressure reading of 972 mb not in hurricane's center (at 18 UTC, 4th of October) suggests winds of at least 80 kt from the northern wind-pressure relationship  - 90 kt chosen for best track.  Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon above peripheral pressure reading, several ship reports and the destruction caused in Massachusetts and Maine.  Inland winds over New England and Canada reduced via Kaplan and DeMaria's (1995) inland decay model. Storm surge of 6-7' is estimated to have occurred in the Upper Bay of Fundy, Canada (Parkes et al. 1998).  Hurricane is also known as the "Saxby's Gale" from description given in Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) and Ludlum's (1963) report.