20080819I1 Mission

Mission Summary
20080819I1 Aircraft 43RF
TS Fay 3D-Doppler/Landfall Mission Summary

Scientific Crew (42RF)
Lead Scientist	Michael Black
Radar Scientist Dropsonde Scientist	John Gamache
Observer	Dan Cecil (UAH)

Flight Crew (42RF)
Pilots	Barry Choy Carl Newman Amelia Ebhardt
Flight Director	Jack Parrish
Navigators	Ryan Kidder Peter Siegel
Flt. Eng.	?
Data Tech	Terry Lynch
Elec. Tech	Jeff Smith Daehv, Baldi Randy Mitchell

Mission Brief:

The originalplan called for the aircraft to fly a butterfly pattern (Fig. 1), rotated to avoid flying over Florida. Takeoff would be from MacDill AFB, and landing would be at the New Orleans International Airport, because there was a threat to MacDill. At the mission briefing it was decided that we would fly over Florida, since the terrain was very flat. We would be very careful in avoiding convection over land, flying at 12,000 ft. It was decided that either in the middle of pass 2 or pass 3, N43RF would break off from the pattern to do a coastal-survey pattern along the coast from Marco Island to Cape Sable. Because of the bathymetry near Florida, no AXBTs were to be dropped on this flight. Sondes were to be dropped at points 1-6, if there was no radar return near the turn point. These sondes were dropped to help anchor the wind fields in HWRF, if the distribution of Doppler radial-velocity observations was asymmetric.

Figure 1.Originally proposed flight plan (without coastal survey).

Mission Synopsis:

Take off		Landing
MacDill AFB, FL	03:17 UTC	New Orleans, LA	09:47 UTC

Figure 2.GOES-IR image at time of takeoff

Figure 3.GOES-IR image at time of landing

NOAA 43 took off at 0317 UTC, and quickly reached its initial point. The first pass through the storm center was inward along the 330 radial from storm center at outward along the 150 radial. At this time the satellite and radar presentations both showed a somewhat asymmetric distribution of clouds and precipitation. Within 100 km, the presentation was quite symmetric, while outside that the western half of the storm contained much less precipitation. The northwest side of the storm, while having near-surface winds as high as on the southeast side, had a much shallower circulation. The vertical structure on the southwest side was much more complex in the upper troposphere. On both sides of the center, radial flow was inward near the surface. Sondes were dropped at the end points of the flight leg, at 105 nm along radials with headings of 330 (0340 UTC) and 150 (0426 UTC) from storm center.

The second pass through the storm center was from east to west. In the radar cross-sections above for the second pass, the inbound is on the left and the outbound is on the right. The storm center is on the left in all the cross-sections. The radial-wind cross-sections showed inflow over the land into the storm, and the winds at 300 m or so were stronger on the inland, eastern half. No sonde was dropped on the eastern side, because there were plenty of radar reflectors all the way out to the end point. A sonde was dropped on the western radius of maximum wind as part of the shallow-bathymetry measurements in support of improved SFMR (Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer) estimates of surface wind. Another sonde was dropped farther out in support of SFMR bathymetry, but the sonde failed. Finally, a sonde was launched at the western endpoint of the flight leg, 105 nm west of the storm center, where there was little storm reflectivity.

The start of pass 3 began at 0602 UTC at a heading of 210 from the storm center at 105 nm, with a sonde drop. The third pass took nearly two hours to complete, because when NOAA 43 returned to the center, it performed a coastal survey pattern at approximately 5-10 and 20 nm from the coast of Florida. The northern extent of the survey was west of Marco Island, where a land-based university team was observing Fay, and the southern extent was the southwest tip of mainland Florida, Cape Sable. Several sondes were also launched to probe the wind structure onshore and offshore. Flight level for this portion of the flight was 5,000 ft. After completing the coastal survey, NOAA 42 returned to 12,000 ft, and flew along track 030 over Florida, to the end point of the mission 105 nm northeast of the center, reaching the point at 0751 UTC.

Because Tampa was threatened by a storm surge and high winds, NOAA 43 did not return to MacDill, and landed in New Orleans at 0947 UTC. Although Fay never reached hurricane intensity, the structure actually became more organized, with an eye forming over land several hours after landfall. Over flat Florida, the increased radial inflow apparently helped to organize the storm, although without the ocean energy source, the storm was not able to intensify significantly.

Major new accomplishment: The code obtained from Fuqing Zhang and Yonghui Weng of Texas A&M (Zhang now of Penn State) was adapted for use in real time on the airborne Macintosh laptops. Raw, but quality-controlled, Doppler radials were averaged into superobs and sent to an AOML ftp site for use in a 1.5 km WRF-ARW model run of Tropical Storm Fay. The superobs were successfully assimilated in the WRF model, and a forecast was produced a few hours after the observations were made.

John Gamache (Radar/Dropsonde Scientist on this mission) for LPS Michael Black.
9/18/08

Mission Data :

Transmitted Dropsondes