Tables

TABLE 1. Estimated minimum SLPs and the observations upon which they are based for each time that N43RF flew into the eye of Hurricane Gilbert on 13 September 1988. Flignt-level observations are: UTC, time of observation; z, geopotential altitude in m; T and Td, Celsius temperature and dewpoint; and P. corrected pressure in hPa. SLPs are estimated as follows: Pj, by statistical extrapolation (Jordan 1958b); Pj, by assuming virtual temperature constant at the flight level value between flight level and sea level; P is, by assuming linear variation of virtual temperature between flight level and saturation at sea level temperature Ts; and Pit, by assuming a saturated adiabat from 27°C at sea level to Pt and interpolating linearly from Pt to flight level.


ExtrapolationsPis P it
Observations
UTCZTTd P Pj Pj + 1.6P ct Ts = 27Ts = 30Pt = 825 Pt = 700
1756:503037 22.4 3.5644.4 910.8 912.4 913.7 909.5 907.4 910.2 911.4
1913:52 2997 25.2 -1 642.3 902.2 903.8 904 901.2 899.1 902.1 903.8
2034:23 2975 23.3 2.7 638.4 893.9 895.5 897.9 894.2 892.2 894.8 896.2
2152:45 3007 27.2 -2.6 632.3 886.6 888.2 889 887.1 885.1 888.1 890.3
2323:24 3012 27.4 -4.8 634.9 891.4 893 893.1 891.3 889.3 892.3 894.5




TABLE 2. Comparison of P s, hydrostatic surface pressures calculated from dropsonde observations in typhoons, with Pj, minimum surface pressures estimated using Jordan's (1958b) statistical relation and Z7, 700 hPa isobaric height.
Time
Typhoon (UTC) Date Z7 Pj Ps Ps - Pj Reference
Elsie 847 28-Oct-81 2205 898.6 898.0 -0.6 JTWC (1981)
Hope 910 31-Jul-79 2205 898.6 898.0 -0.6 JTWC (1979)
Wynne 1437 9-Oct-80 2199 897.9 898.0 0.1 JTWC (1980)
Dot 1214 16-Oct-85 2193 897.2 897.0 -0.2 JTWC (1985)
Dot 2307 16-Oct-85 2178 895.5 897.0 1.5 JTWC (1985)
Rita 315 24-Oct-78 2168 894.3 897.0 2.7 JTWC (1978)
Elsie 2115 23-Sep-69 2183 896 896.0 0 JTWC (1969)
Elsie 245 23-Sep-69 2173 894.9 896.0 1.1 JTWC (1969)
Elsie 2014 28-Oct-81 2161 893.5 895.0 1.5 JTWC (1981)
Rita 1408 24-Oct-78 2151 892.4 895.0 2.6 JTWC (1978)
Nora 1020 6-Oct-73 2140 891.1 894.0 2.9 JTWC (1973)
Elsie 2120 27-Sep-81 2139 891 893.0 2 JTWC (1981)
Irma 300 12-Nov-71 2120 888.8 893.0 4.2 JTWC (1971)
Nora 1520 5-Oct-73 2090 885.4 893.0 7.6 JTWC (1973)
Rita 2001 25-Oct-78 2128 889.7 892.0 2.3 JTWC (1978)
Joan 2152 28-Aug-59 2088 885.1 891.0 5.9 JTWC (1959)
Elsie 300 24-Sep-69 2140 891.1 890.0 -1.1 JTWC (1969)
Nancy 630 12-Sep-61 2130 890 890.0 0 JTWC (1959)
Wynne 236 9-Oct-80 2130 890 890.0 0 JTWC (1980)
Rita 1902 25-Oct-78 2124 889.3 889.0 -0.3 JTWC (1978)
Judy 1921 19-Aug-79 2121 888.9 889.0 0.1 JTWC (1979)
Nancy 2145 12-Sep-61 2103 886.8 889.0 2.2 JTWC (1959)
Nancy 415 13-Sep-61 2098 886.3 889.0 2.7 JTWC (1959)
Nancy 45 12-Sep-61 2073 883.4 888.0 4.6 JTWC (1959)
Judy 2145 19-Aug-79 2091 885.5 887.0 1.5 JTWC (1979)
Rita 2027 24-Oct-78 2073 883.4 886.0 2.6 JTWC (1978)
Rita 1415 25-Oct-78 2061 882 886.0 4 JTWC (1978)
Irma 1555 11-Nov-71 2060 881.9 884.0 2.1 JTWC (1971)
Tip 837 12-Oct-79 2058 881.7 884.0 2.3 JTWC (1979)
Irma 2200 11-Nov-71 2040 879.6 884.0 4.4 JTWC(1971)
Nancy 830 13-Sep-61 2130 890 882.0 -8 JTWC (1959)
Rita 15 25-Oct-78 2064 882.4 882.0 -0.4 JTWC (1978)
Nora 330 6-Oct-73 2012 876.4 878.0 1.6 Holliday (1975)
Rita 317 25-Oct-78 2007 875.8 878.0 2.2 JTWC (1978)
Nora 15 6-Oct-73 2006 875.7 877.0 1.3 Holliday (1975)
Ida 500 24-Sep-58 2005 875.6 877.0 1.4 Jordan (1959)
June 843 19-Nov-75 1984 873.2 876.0 2.8 Holliday (1976)
Tip 353 12-Oct-79 1944 868.6 870.0 1.4 Dunnavan and
Diercks (1979)
Mean 2105 887 888.6 1.6