Figure 9: Time series of annual normalized tropical cyclone damage for the U. S. East and Gulf Coasts. The long-term (1925-95) average of $4.8 billion per year (solid line) as well as a five year running mean (light curve) are superimposed on the time series. Damage is normalized to 1995 dollars by inflation, coastal county population changes, and an index of personal property amounts (adapted from Pielke and Landsea 1998).