WPCƂ 
      2       B   V   o          Z     #| A          0pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) } 2 ] : , ,    ] 	[ 
    P fQ  
P21/01/96 05:52            Practical Lessons Using Marine and Coastal Image Data                                          4    XX  XX             X `  TTTTT|LxXxXxXxX@0@0@0@0`````````LT\``L `h`TTT|L|L|L|L\xXxXxXxXTTTTTT``@ @ @0@   L \p0p0p0p0p0``````  DDD`D`D`D`Dt8t8t8``````xL|L|L|L  \p0`D`Dt8LL\``  dh XX8TXXXX X@HX    h^                                  8d                                                        HP LaserJet Series II (Additional)   HLSEIIDU.PRS ] 	[ 
    P fQ     0Z
P 2       9     9     I       #| A          21/01/96 05:52            Practical Lessons Using Marine and Coastal Image Data                                          4     "  m^,8<X,DDX,8,0XXXXXXXXXX00Tx|xl@Lph`t|808X,l`dpdXtt0<h\ltTtlL\tllldXXXX XX  XX             X `  TTTTT|LxXxXxXxX@0@0@0@0`````````LT\``L `h`TTT|L|L|L|L\xXxXxXxXTTTTTT``@ @ @0@   L \p0p0p0p0p0``````  DDD`D`D`D`Dt8t8t8``````xL|L|L|L  \p0`D`Dt8LL\``  dh XX8TXXXX X@HX    h^                                  8d                                                         2 i  	              Z      #  F  HP LaserJet Series II (Additional)   HLSEIIDU.PRS ] 	[ 
    P fQ     0Z
P   
 Object #0000 
          Word.Picture.6          t  ࡱ                ;  	                                          8               	   
         
                                                       !   "   #   $   %   &   '   (   )   *   +   ,   -   .   /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7    R                                                                   	           F            {T2           P I C                                                         
                                         L        P I C T                                                                                                     ,       C o m p O b j                                                                                         \                      	   
      L          K6      ,                                              ࡱ                 ;  	                    	           F   Image Microsoft Word 6.0 NB6W   Word.Picture.6         ࡱ                 ;  	      ࡱ                 ;  	                          
                    Oh +'0   ^                                         
        
       
        )     D  	   L     V  ,                           MSWD      
       h    8    8                            
  
  
 8@  8`a
q<@ # 0`!  O<C0@ % 0`     8 ~^  @c     Ü     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
          80     0@p     0`0@?@  @   , 0`A  ,  
%$0D   ! 0C  
   ?   8         
     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
            ?     8p     0@0@p     0`0`	   % 0@0@  P?v>`    $ 0@   ? o  8     ?           
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
      
      
      
      
         @  &      f    9  n    00@  .    0`0@0   >   ! 0`0@p  ?GJ >    0@  @ @  9     ?            
      
     
     
     
   }  
     
   y  
   {  
   y    ?   }       x       x    @   y  
   x  
   x  
   x`  
   x     @        `        8@        @                0  #	         `  0  -
     `   `  0      ( 8  p  0      ( 0  p  8      5 	?  0`@  p  8      :  p 0`    0  ;s}'h     ,  ` 0@`     ~0  6  ` 8`    ~p  8    	;q 0  ` ?     `  8      / y       p  8   0  +      p  <   0  *  `     p  <   0  *  `     p  8   0  +  `     p  <   0  +  `     p  <  ` 0  ,      p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  /  0     rp  <       0  /  <     rp  <  0    0  1      ; rp  ~  0  p  1      3 bp  v  0    4  x       c  f      4         a  f      9       3   q  f      A  p    <  1   1 !  g   ?     F      d   1    1  c         H      d   c1   q  c         K    d  w @ 0  	  @ <  b         U        	@  0  	 `   c        W        	@  0 Np 	 `   c        X      	<`   L0 	  ~     |     Z     @  
>`x! b 8 	 ` > À   | @    b  x   @   @ p   81 |  	      |      g   ?    <  `p1 x  	   g   |    <   h   8   ?  p1         `  x̀  w  8  e    0`bpp1   !(	     @   ?    x  M 0`b px 7 0 `   p  H 0c 0    
?  x     l  e#  `   0c 00   G  <x     ?p  =  p~     h#  `   ?Ø  00     8Gx  3    >`  ?   ~     h#  N    80   ?<  	Nx   0  `  ?  ?     c  ? 80   ? ? 	x   ?       ?    ] 	0   	? ? 	x        ǀ  c ? ?    ] 	    	<  	
  ~  ?      c  0? ?=    ] 	`   ??  	
  v  <<   3  ?  > 98    ] 	   <??   f  
8        0    \ 	    <9?   `  
8      ?       x Z 	    <9?   @ > x      	>;       ( W 	    9?      x     3   
c      W 	    1?      x       w 
A      V   ?      x 	  ? 	  6 
      U    c ?  ?    8 `    4  
    Z     c ?  ?0    8 `       
  0   T     c@ 9  ?    8 `       	     N     c 28 3 ?    8      	     H   `  c 8 3 x?    8   	     F  π p s  3 x7    8   	     F   p s  3 x7    0   	     C   ` ? 8 3 x    0   	     : p ? <8   x     	     ;   0  08   x   	     <  
    8   p   	     4         p y  	     4          p y  	     8 	`  p     0 p y  	     8 	          y  	     5
    ``     q  	     3 ``p   	     = ``0    `?.?`  	     + 	@  ``0           2 
  0      {    jx 2                 -                ,                ,                *  ?               ,        ?        &       ?        &               )                  (          ?         (                   &                 $                 $                                                                                                                                             c       0``4     & ``8~C       , 0``p  zÿgF<      @`  >'        0                                                                                                                                                                                 x       8@`p       0``xa     + ``x  p 2        0@`  $	@  0  `   `e|   ?                                                              
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
             0     8p     0@`     @0``y    # @a  
;Y@   ! 0@c    ,A  0  0  $=~w       
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
           À     0c     0@c_w[     $ @`  
&   ) 
0@@ {    >  {
w  N  {ws   X    #c9s{  <    
 ގw3w?       `0G{糿{    `~  @  0 4 < w   ~    > N     <` f 0        M  `       a c  0  ; p J    ` 0  `   `   0 À 1p I    `  ` ` `      0  ` K ` `c `   `  8 0  ` 8? `   ` L  `~  ` `f      ` ?     J        `| ?   <     7 @8 ?       >  @  x         `       
  
 =ǰ 
 0ǐ 
 0c 
 0@ 
 0` 
 ? 
 |                   :  ?     	"{ 
      
      
      
          	     #    	     #    	vv   c   $  ?	86 7   aA`  0 '  ?03ؐ3	  ac`   #    	 0 0p   a~0    #    	` 0   an0`   #    	 pf   aG0`  0 #    	 `  `       @x   
      
      
      
      
      
      
  0   
  0     ? H  0   ~            ࡱ                 ;  	                                       O b j I n f o                                                                                                       O b j e c t P o o l                                                                   {T2{T2            W o r d D o c u m e n t                                                                                       7       S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n                           (                                               ܥh G   e             7                                                     6  h    6  h   h6      h6      t6      t6      t6     6      6      6      6      6      6  
   6  
   6      6  X   6      6      6      6      6      6      6      6      6     6      6      6      6      6      6  &   @7  X   7     6                      t6      6            6     6                      6      6      6      6      h6      h6      6                      6      6      6      6      6      h6     6      t6      6      6                      6     6     h6      h6      h6      h6      6      6      6      6                                                                                            




 NNST -  :  q;                `@!                       	  S             &      Word Microsoft Word   &  Word   
  ,                                          2
@ @ $   Utilisez Word 6.0c (ou ultrieur)      2
@ $   pour afficher une image Macintosh.       ,    8          8           
    8  h    8    8    8                       
  
  
 8@  8`a
q<@ # 0`!  O<C0@ % 0`     8 ~^  @c     Ü     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
          80     0@p     0`0@?@  @   , 0`A  ,  
%$0D   ! 0C  
   ?   8         
     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
            ?     8p     0@0@p     0`0`	   % 0@0@  P?v>`    $ 0@   ? o  8     ?           
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
      
      
      
      
         @  &      f    9  n    00@  .    0`0@0   >   ! 0`0@p  ?GJ >    0@  @ @  9     ?            
      
     
     
     
   }  
     
   y  
   {  
   y    ?   }       x       x    @   y  
   x  
   x  
   x`  
   x     @        `        8@        @                0  #	         `  0  -
     `   `  0      ( 8  p  0      ( 0  p  8      5 	?  0`@  p  8      :  p 0`    0  ;s}'h     ,  ` 0@`     ~0  6  ` 8`    ~p  8    	;q 0  ` ?     `  8      / y       p  8   0  +      p  <   0  *  `     p  <   0  *  `     p  8   0  +  `     p  <   0  +  `     p  <  ` 0  ,      p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  /  0     rp  <       0  /  <     rp  <  0    0  1      ; rp  ~  0  p  1      3 bp  v  0    4  x       c  f      4         a  f      9       3   q  f      A  p    <  1   1 !  g   ?     F      d   1    1  c         H      d   c1   q  c         K    d  w @ 0  	  @ <  b         U        	@  0  	 `   c        W        	@  0 Np 	 `   c        X      	<`   L0 	  ~     |     Z     @  
>`x! b 8 	 ` > À   | @    b  x   @   @ p   81 |  	      |      g   ?    <  `p1 x  	   g   |    <   h   8   ?  p1         `  x̀  w  8  e    0`bpp1   !(	     @   ?    x  M 0`b px 7 0 `   p  H 0c 0    
?  x     l  e#  `   0c 00   G  <x     ?p  =  p~     h#  `   ?Ø  00     8Gx  3    >`  ?   ~     h#  N    80   ?<  	Nx   0  `  ?  ?     c  ? 80   ? ? 	x   ?       ?    ] 	0   	? ? 	x        ǀ  c ? ?    ] 	    	<  	
  ~  ?      c  0? ?=    ] 	`   ??  	
  v  <<   3  ?  > 98    ] 	   <??   f  
8        0    \ 	    <9?   `  
8      ?       x Z 	    <9?   @ > x      	>;       ( W 	    9?      x     3   
c      W 	    1?      x       w 
A      V   ?      x 	  ? 	  6 
      U    c ?  ?    8 `    4  
    Z     c ?  ?0    8 `       
  0   T     c@ 9  ?    8 `       	     N     c 28 3 ?    8      	     H   `  c 8 3 x?    8   	     F  π p s  3 x7    8   	     F   p s  3 x7    0   	     C   ` ? 8 3 x    0   	     : p ? <8   x     	     ;   0  08   x   	     <  
    8   p   	     4         p y  	     4          p y  	     8 	`  p     0 p y  	     8 	          y  	     5
    ``     q  	     3 ``p   	     = ``0    `?.?`  	     + 	@  ``0           2 
  0      {    jx 2                 -                ,                ,                *  ?               ,        ?        &       ?        &               )                  (          ?         (                   &                 $                 $                                                                                                                                             c       0``4     & ``8~C       , 0``p  zÿgF<      @`  >'        0                                                                                                                                                                                 x       8@`p       0``xa     + ``x  p 2        0@`  $	@  0  `   `e|   ?                                                              
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
             0     8p     0@`     @0``y    # @a  
;Y@   ! 0@c    ,A  0  0  $=~w       
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
           À     0c     0@c_w[     $ @`  
&   ) 
0@@ {    >  {
w  N  {ws   X    #c9s{  <    
 ގw3w?       `0G{糿{    `~  @  0 4 < w   ~    > N     <` f 0        M  `       a c  0  ; p J    ` 0  `   `   0 À 1p I    `  ` ` `      0  ` K ` `c `   `  8 0  ` 8? `   ` L  `~  ` `f      ` ?     J        `| ?   <     7 @8 ?       >  @  x         `       
  
 =ǰ 
 0ǐ 
 0c 
 0@ 
 0` 
 ? 
 |                   :  ?     	"{ 
      
      
      
          	     #    	     #    	vv   c   $  ?	86 7   aA`  0 '  ?03ؐ3	  ac`   #    	 0 0p   a~0    #    	` 0   an0`   #    	 pf   aG0`  0 #    	 `  `       @x   
      
      
      
      
      
      
  0   
  0     ? H  0   ~              2  0  ( S                     ࡱ                 ;  	                                                   D1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             u uD  ] a
c uD    a c                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      K       @  Normal     ac                    A@  Police par dfaut                                                    D1                1   @                        
 
 >X M Times New Roman  Symbol "M Arial  CG Times 12pt Times  M Times "  1            Z%                                                  !           CREWCREW          ࡱ                 ;  	                                     )   itty bitty:Microsoft Word:Modles:Normal       CREW       CREW    '@    v@    v@    Ǻ              @                 Microsoft Word 6.0              2        ࡱ                 ;  	                ࡱ                 ;  	                                              Word.Picture.6    ,  ,                           MSWD      
       h    8    8                            
  
  
 8@  8`a
q<@ # 0`!  O<C0@ % 0`     8 ~^  @c     Ü     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
          80     0@p     0`0@?@  @   , 0`A  ,  
%$0D   ! 0C  
   ?   8         
     
     
     
        
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
            ?     8p     0@0@p     0`0`	   % 0@0@  P?v>`    $ 0@   ? o  8     ?           
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
      
      
      
      
         @  &      f    9  n    00@  .    0`0@0   >   ! 0`0@p  ?GJ >    0@  @ @  9     ?            
      
     
     
     
   }  
     
   y  
   {  
   y    ?   }       x       x    @   y  
   x  
   x  
   x`  
   x     @        `        8@        @                0  #	         `  0  -
     `   `  0      ( 8  p  0      ( 0  p  8      5 	?  0`@  p  8      :  p 0`    0  ;s}'h     ,  ` 0@`     ~0  6  ` 8`    ~p  8    	;q 0  ` ?     `  8      / y       p  8   0  +      p  <   0  *  `     p  <   0  *  `     p  8   0  +  `     p  <   0  +  `     p  <  ` 0  ,      p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  '     |p  <  ` 0  /  0     rp  <       0  /  <     rp  <  0    0  1      ; rp  ~  0  p  1      3 bp  v  0    4  x       c  f      4         a  f      9       3   q  f      A  p    <  1   1 !  g   ?     F      d   1    1  c         H      d   c1   q  c         K    d  w @ 0  	  @ <  b         U        	@  0  	 `   c        W        	@  0 Np 	 `   c        X      	<`   L0 	  ~     |     Z     @  
>`x! b 8 	 ` > À   | @    b  x   @   @ p   81 |  	      |      g   ?    <  `p1 x  	   g   |    <   h   8   ?  p1         `  x̀  w  8  e    0`bpp1   !(	     @   ?    x  M 0`b px 7 0 `   p  H 0c 0    
?  x     l  e#  `   0c 00   G  <x     ?p  =  p~     h#  `   ?Ø  00     8Gx  3    >`  ?   ~     h#  N    80   ?<  	Nx   0  `  ?  ?     c  ? 80   ? ? 	x   ?       ?    ] 	0   	? ? 	x        ǀ  c ? ?    ] 	    	<  	
  ~  ?      c  0? ?=    ] 	`   ??  	
  v  <<   3  ?  > 98    ] 	   <??   f  
8        0    \ 	    <9?   `  
8      ?       x Z 	    <9?   @ > x      	>;       ( W 	    9?      x     3   
c      W 	    1?      x       w 
A      V   ?      x 	  ? 	  6 
      U    c ?  ?    8 `    4  
    Z     c ?  ?0    8 `       
  0   T     c@ 9  ?    8 `       	     N     c 28 3 ?    8      	     H   `  c 8 3 x?    8   	     F  π p s  3 x7    8   	     F   p s  3 x7    0   	     C   ` ? 8 3 x    0   	     : p ? <8   x     	     ;   0  08   x   	     <  
    8   p   	     4         p y  	     4          p y  	     8 	`  p     0 p y  	     8 	          y  	     5
    ``     q  	     3 ``p   	     = ``0    `?.?`  	     + 	@  ``0           2 
  0      {    jx 2                 -                ,                ,                *  ?               ,        ?        &       ?        &               )                  (          ?         (                   &                 $                 $                                                                                                                                             c       0``4     & ``8~C       , 0``p  zÿgF<      @`  >'        0                                                                                                                                                                                 x       8@`p       0``xa     + ``x  p 2        0@`  $	@  0  `   `e|   ?                                                              
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
             0     8p     0@`     @0``y    # @a  
;Y@   ! 0@c    ,A  0  0  $=~w       
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
           À     0c     0@c_w[     $ @`  
&   ) 
0@@ {    >  {
w  N  {ws   X    #c9s{  <    
 ގw3w?       `0G{糿{    `~  @  0 4 < w   ~    > N     <` f 0        M  `       a c  0  ; p J    ` 0  `   `   0 À 1p I    `  ` ` `      0  ` K ` `c `   `  8 0  ` 8? `   ` L  `~  ` `f      ` ?     J        `| ?   <     7 @8 ?       >  @  x         `       
  
 =ǰ 
 0ǐ 
 0c 
 0@ 
 0` 
 ? 
 |                   :  ?     	"{ 
      
      
      
          	     #    	     #    	vv   c   $  ?	86 7   aA`  0 '  ?03ؐ3	  ac`   #    	 0 0p   a~0    #    	` 0   an0`   #    	 pf   aG0`  0 #    	 `  `       @x   
      
      
      
      
      
      
  0   
  0     ? H  0   ~             2              .       "  m^,8<X,DDX,8,0XXXXXXXXXX00Tx|xl@Lph`t|808X,T\L\X8T`00\0```\DD8`PxLLLXXXX XX  XX             X `  TTTTT|LxXxXxXxX@0@0@0@0`````````LT\``L `h`TTT|L|L|L|L\xXxXxXxXTTTTTT``@ @ @0@   L \p0p0p0p0p0``````  DDD`D`D`D`Dt8t8t8``````xL|L|L|L  \p0`D`Dt8LL\``  dh XX8TXXXX X@HX    h^                                  8d                                                        chapter                                                                      S  e    # ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P# 
    
  t              B  g H    #  H 	`>	    xi fQ  ԩX# Marine and Coastal Image Data Module 5:t  k              !  } S    `(#7 #  H 	`>	    xi fQ  ԩX# Practical Lessons: 3k #  ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P#  "  m^,8<X,DDX,8,0XXXXXXXXXX00TptxthDXpl|dlt|ltL,LX,X\L\P8Td08\0dX\\LL<dPtTPLXXXX XX  XX             X `  pXpXpXpXpX|xLtPtPtPtPD0D0D0D0dXXXXddddlPpX\XXlP Xl\pXpXpXxLxLxLxL\tPtPtPtPTTTTTTddD D D0D   X \p0p0p0p0p0ddddXX  |L|L|LdLdLdLdLl<l<l<ddddddtlPtLtLtL  \p0d|LdLl<lPlP\Xd  dh XX8T\\XX XD@X    h^                                  8d                                                         "  m^ ((`@th 00@h (  @@@@@@@@@@$$hhh<|`TXdXLdh,8\Pt`dLd`DPh`|``X( (|@ <D8H<(<D$$@$dDDHH00(D8T488@@@h@ @@  @@             @ H  `<`<`<`<`<`X8X<X<X<X<,$,$,$,$`DdDdDdDdDhDhDhDhD`8`<dHdDdD`8 DLH`<`<`<X8X8X8X8dHX<X<X<X<d<d<d<d<d<d<hDhD, , ,$,   8 \@P$P$P$P$P$`D`D`D`DdDdD  `0`0`0D0D0D0D0P(P(P(hDhDhDhDhDhD|T`8X8X8X8  dHP$`D`0D0P(`8`8dHdDhD   H @@(<@@@@ @,4dd@    Ld^hh                                  (D                                                        \ 2 X    0  	    ,     ,  ,   "  m^ (,`@`` 00@h (  @@@@@@@@@@$$hhh<|PTX\PL``,<`Pt\`L`XHP\PtXPP4$4|@ @D8D8$<H $@ hH@DD44,H8P<88@@@h@ @@  @@             @ D  P@P@P@P@P@tXX8P8P8P8P8, , , , \H`@`@`@`@\H\H\H\HP8P@\D`@`@P8 @LDP@P@P@X8X8X8X8\DP8P8P8P8`<`<`<`<`<`<`H`H, , , ,   < `@P P P P P \H\H\H\H`@`@  X4X4X4H4H4H4H4P,P,P,\H\H\H\H\H\HtPP8P8P8P8  \DP \HX4H4P,P8P8\D`@\H   H @@(<@@@@ @00dd@    Ld^hh                                  (H                                                        \ "  m^,4<X|,DDX(8,0XXXXXXXXXX00Pxt|xh@@xtht`ptthxL4HX,\XL\L4L\,,X,\\XX8D0`PtHHDXXXX XX  XX             X `  x\x\x\x\x\|LxLxLxLxL@,@,@,@,\\\\\````hHx\\\\hH \hXx\x\x\|L|L|L|L\xLxLxLxLLLLLLL\\@ @ @,@   @ xXt,t,t,t,t,\\\\\\  t8t8t8`D`D`D`Dp0p0p0``````thHxDxDxD  \t,\t8`Dp0hHhH\\`  dh XX4PHHXX XDDX    h^                                  8d                                                         "  m^$,0lHt$88Ht$0$$HHHHHHHHHH((tttDl`dpdXtt0<h\ltTtlL\tllld0$0H$DL<LD,DL$$H$tLLLL840L@`<@<HHHtH HH  HH    H    H   H L  lDlDlDlDlDld<dDdDdDdD0$0$0$0$lLtLtLtLtLtLtLtLtLl@lDpLtLtLl@HLTLlDlDlDd<d<d<d<pLdDdDdDdDtDtDtDtDtDtDtLtL0 0 0$0   < hH\$\$\$HH\$lLlLlLlLtLtL  l8l8l8L4L4L4L4\0\0\0tLtLtLtLtLtL`l@d<d<d<  pL\$lLl8L4\0l@l@pLtLtLNH HT HH,DHHHHHH48ppHH HHTpH          H       H H             H                HmttHH    HH  HHHHH  HHHHHHHHHHHH     0P H         H                                            h              H "  m^$,0lHpp$88Ht$0$$HHHHHHHHHH((tttD\\dh\Tll4HlXhpXpdPXh\d\\<(<H$HL<L@,DT,,L,|THLH<<0P@\D@<HHHtH HH  HH    H    H   H L  \H\H\H\H\Hdd<\@\@\@\@4,4,4,4,hTpHpHpHpHhPhPhPhP\@\HhLpHpH\@HHXL\H\H\Hd<d<d<d<hL\@\@\@\@lDlDlDlDlDlDlTlT4 4 4,4   H lLX,X,X,HHX,hThThThTpHpH  d<d<d<P<P<P<P<X0X0X0hPhPhPhPhPhP\\@\<\<\<  hLX,hTd<P<X0\@\@hLpHhPNH HT HH,DLLHHHH84ppHH HHTpH          H       H H             H                HmttHH    HH  HHHHH  HHHHHHHHHHHH     0T H         H                                            h              H 2   ,           d  
  (   "  m^$(0lHd$88Ht 0$(HHHHHHHHHH($ttt@d\dh`Xpl48`\|hlTl\LXh\|`T`<(<H$HH@L<(<L$$H$tLLHH04(L@`<88HHHtH HH  HH    H    H   H L  dHdHdHdHdHhd@`<`<`<`<4$4$4$4$hLlLlLlLlLhLhLhLhLT8dHhLlLlLT8HLTHdHdHdHd@d@d@d@hL`<`<`<`<p<p<p<p<p<p<lLlL4 4 4$4   8 `H\$\$\$HH\$hLhLhLhLlLlL  \0\0\0L4L4L4L4X(X(X(hLhLhLhLhLhL|`T8`8`8`8  hL\$hL\0L4X(T8T8hLlLhLNH HT HH(@<<HHHH88ppHH HHTpH          H       H H             H                HmttHH    HH  HHHHH  HHHHHHHHHHHH     0P H         H                                            h              H"  ^ D X X     D d d   @ X @ H           H H             ` t                X H X  D   t   T   H H  H      d d X  |  t x t                                                               t         ` H ` H ` H ` H                    x          x             t  t  t  t                           `   `   ` H `       t      H  H  H  H  H                  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  X  X  X               x  t  t  t        H    d  d  X  x  x                   X         d l              ^                                                                       X                                                                                                                   Dutch Roman 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Courier 10cpi Dutch Roman 8.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Bold 8.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Italic 8.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Bold 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 16pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 7.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Bold 7.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Italic 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 13pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW)  "  m^4HHl̰4TTl4H4<llllllllll<<lԤP`̤xԨH<Hl4lt`xlHhx<<p<xtxxTTHxd```llll ll  ll             l t  lllll䨘`llllP<P<P<P<xttttxxxx`lxtt` xxlll````xllllhhhhhhxxP P P<P   ` p<<<<<xxxxtt  TTTxTxTxTxTHHHxxxxxxԔ````  x<xTxTH``xtx    llHlllll lPXl    ^                                  Hx                                                         2      ^  B  c  J     R          } 2 ] : , ,    ] 	[ 
    P fQ  
P	 ? x x x , -  x 6X   @ 8; X@ f ( K / $ , ;  WK 	[ 
    P fQ  P f ( K / $ , g  1K ~>	    p fQ  T g ' H / $ ,   ԙH 	`>	    xi fQ  Xd
 ~ 1 \ : , ,   N,\ ~>	    p fQ  
L K  Y D ,    	[ 
    P fQ   P Z # C *   ,  /%iC 	[ 
    P fQ  wP Z # A *   , A cA ~>	    p fQ  w\  0 Y : , , l Y 	`>	    xi fQ  
X  = s H 4 ,  qs 	[ 
    P fQ  P } 2 ] : , ,   ] 	[ 
    P fQ  
P	  !  !%  &  TY  -W  MD  >  i   z   4                      =l:o flo  oo!l ~! K K !ππ!!πππ!!2!2!!!"?!3!3π!3!32"2"
1!À"π
0 "3 "1 ?"
!"
 "? "? "	π "	π "? 	π		π	?" #?	π#?	π?#3#π3#ǀ?#?#3 #	?#	?π#?*$*
$?
s$?
?$%7%3π%)% )% π&π&)&('?π'?ǀ??((
30(
30(,),)?))*)*)̀*܀π****?*?π
π

+
9+π9+π3+'+'+π+π+' +++?$+$++π
π+
π+?333ππ+33>3ππ+
?π+
π+π+Āπ+
π+
π+??π+?π+?π+?π+π?π+π?π
ππ+
ππ+π?π+߀π?++?+π?? +?? +߀??+π?+wwq+3s3+|?+=??!+!+	+	+ssǀ+s3?π+??
*??
?*???+??+??+?+++߀+ππ+	;+??+	?+	?π+
+
π?+?+$ " <9	3	߀	?ππ	?	?ǀ߀ǀ		π	燇	"	ǀ	
3π	%	 ? x%	?xp!?	x0
???	 x?<?	 x?< 9	0  	0
a?
燆x0 
烏x0>
?8 >π?
	߀?π
	
À	?
	? 
 
(π
(
?((π(ǀ(π?(ǀ?(?3?)?)??π??π33)ǀ))
߀)
,,?>>)?) ?((( ߀( π( πππ	 		π!Ç	9	π~0À9π0À π0À??? 	π~?		>	>	?ǀ
?ÀÀ&À	?ǀ ? ?


ǀ
߀π)
π)ǀ?))a?y?))σσ))߀)<x?)?	ダ	πǀ?)ǀ?π)
?)
)π
!π
珀?!
)
?)π??""
 (?
 
(((
#
	#ππ
%
%?((πÀ(π?ǀ(ππ&À&?
??(
((?(?((ππ ? (((?(?(??'?π''?'?'''?'??'ππ?''π '?'?'π'π'?''ππ 'π'π?'π?'π '? ? π ' ' '' !' !'
  "'
#'π% 'π
π%'߀
π%'π% '
π%?
%??%'?%'?π
?%'?? '?% '?π
?#'?߀
?#'?	??%'??%'?πA%'?&'??&'?&'?π?&'̀?('灀?('π?('"&ǀ(&)&?)&À)&À?π#&~π#&? π'&π'&ππ'&ππ'&?π'&π8π'&<'?!??π(&?(&??(&?('??)()(?#(?#'?ǀ)')')'߀)'?π)')&?ǀ"?π"π>π)&<π)&<Ȁ߀)&<)&<?)&)&$&$&??*&+&+&+&"?π+&`#π&?+?a?+?aπ+&#+&&,&#+&c+%?+%?π$%?π$%?+%+%+%?߀ǀ+%"'!&*À*?*&*&?*&*&ǀ*& *& *& *%x>?$%>?$%?*%?À 	% +% ?+% π+??+??+%+%g,%',%,%,&g%&#%&,&?!
%,&?,&,
,
-& -&π-&߀-&-& -& ?-&?-&?π%&?π&!&-&s-&y-&-%?-π`  #&` ?#& ?#&  #&`x$&`9$'  $' ? $'`' $'`  '&~x &> À-&@-$a-% ?-'-
 {-' g`-' p,( f?,(8@?,(x,( `x矀,' `xπ
(  ǀ
( &)  ,߀& ?+π&` +)``+ ߀**) ?)) >)*   |?)* x+`+`,+ À߀&߀'&πVZ   f
   4                      =l:o fl_  __!l $8 K K g ?[[[ 	M  ?8	??߀	s
`?h  V?|V8V>8V
V
V
V 
V
V
@ 
@ 
@ 
@
@ 
@
@
? 
? 
????   	@  7   `    p @8π `  π
 π
?π
π
π
ǀ-
ǀ,
ǀ|
|
d
a
p
?p
?p
?p
p
?x
?x
x
p
x
x
x
x?
x?
x?
x
x_
㟀x
㏀ x߀
Ï _|߀
Ǉ |
 
1 
 _
N>
G@X<_
?
G`y<_
	9Ǐ?<O
	ǀ9Ǉ|
	ǀ9Ǉ?x
	ǀ9Ǉ?x
	À9Ǉ?x
	À9x/		9y  ?	?9y	>q
	>~q
	7߀~6?q
	7|v?q
	7x9~?π
	7xy~π	?x|Yǀ	7qYǀ 	w73sYǀ|w	wǀsYǀ	wsYǀǀ	va s̀=ǀ?	vO s̀=À?g	rsÀ=Àp13À?À
 p	`<`ÀpcC  !?~ǀ	(H   G<?~À??~oÀ	?ǀ
?Ǐ	?󛇀
?ϟ߀	?Ç	_
??ϟ	?Û?9
???	"G?x
?3	"|
>?"ݻ~
???
#ܹ?~~	?
"ߟx? ~o~
 
"?ߟ< ?߄o
 ǿ
?	"ߟO< ??߆
pc6
	#G????<߆o/	p{{p
	#_G??|?φ. '	p{pπ
$v}?6	p{y
$}χ3q?	xs
$}3~q?	x9sn
$93y?	?9n
?
9O'y	

ĀO's8	

?s? 
?sp???8	 q?ǀsp?? `s>g`?	p s3w	)灟 ?8π?s;?	) ???π oc?  ? ?      ?      
? `}0` 	X  	  X     ?
?-`  `  ? @  @ O 
' `s
   

' `s?	 
) 3	 	  ) "	  !
) "	  
*"	 ;
*"	 !

*_"	38
*"	?
*#	?
*#	?
* #	?{
* #	?1
*  #	??	+< #	?	+ #	ǀ	+~& w+& sǀ	+& 	+& 	Sw
Sg
S SSS
S
S	G
  Oo	o
   s  R !
<S<S?SSS S?S?S
S 
S
S	S? S	S
S
S
S
T 
T?
S?
S? 
V 
V 
V
V 
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V 
V 
V 
V
V 
VV?VV,>,    ^x  `LA|3U1~! D0'}8 W    BO
+kK'LG ?V>yV~VV
V
V 
V
V 
V
V
V
V
Y
V
V
V
V
V
V 
V
V
V
V 
V
V 
V
V
V 
V
V 
V 
V 
V
Y
V 
V 
V V?>V?V?V   	Ͽ43 ?         B  @ @    	        
 b  @ @     @    D     @! <p!b B    @     
 B  D      @ =7fsn0 '8`  0  @  @  F1  cg
L?>|?πǀ?π΀w93??À?π?<?ǀ?ǎǀ<ǀ??|??>9πππ΀w>9π>?x??3?| ?\g 6/6<.6/6ϟ/6,63,6,6,6ߞ,6,6>,6?,g %  %  %  %   %
?? %
|	< %
s=s	Ǟo9π % 
9/ %    ?/7 %
À?Ͽ- %
Ǘϟ%{ %
Ǔ	ǎnu %
88	8 % %   % |0 $߃ 4?{A_ g   
   4                      =l:o fl_  __!l &8 K K g [?>[ǿ[ǟ  P xÿGϟ 
 ü ^~~ϟ*߀w   OV<<cY~Y
V d
V
V
V 
V
V
V
V 
V 
V
V
V 
V?X??V?ￏVϟϿ "7ϟ   @ ?ϻ?6 <@   =<VxV
V 
V d
V
V
V
V 
V 
V
V
V
V
V 
V
V
VV~V??VϿϿVϟϟ 
  f?7ϿϿ @ w=?7#   @ ==Vx|VV
V 
V
V 
V
V 
S
S
S
S S<S?S?ϿSϟϿ 1?~߀8ϟϿ9  _?1? B p '9<R xxSS
S
S 
S
S
S
S
S S SS
S
S
S?
S
SSSǿS9?*
?
?*?*π?
>*π???*?ǀ?
?ϟ  |?ǀ?
X v	???￟	      8?;ǀ??ă  x;ǀ??;ǀ???3;À?	3;À?	3;ǀ?	0;À	03À?`À>
`À?
lÀ?π
mÀ߀߀>À
oÀπ߀>	Āoπ>	̀oπ~	o~	o~?̀?	o~À΀?΀o/~΀O ?΀/3
Nπ
'	; 
π
?7 ?y
㿀π
??7y?
ßπ
? x	y??ǀ
<  ?㿀  ?? 
~  ?< ?ဟ 
>? w?   ?  p   ?3{
 ?ϟ  9 @ ?    #ރ )w  0?{ϟ Ȅ @} 0   p   8?   #? 8 8 ?` ` 
  <$?@ 
8   p <   8    $8<g 8` Ǹ 6   \<? @7߁ x  8   ? $x~g\ 
  `3 |8?  ?     ?     C
3 pp ? 8?  ?  ? ?
' 
  
 pp ?  8 o    <
'> 
À@
`C ?     |
> '
	  ?   d? ! |
o> ? 
  ~q ~
o>?  
? y ~
o>7	  
? _q ~?
ow  ? 
???y~
o1  ? 0 ?q3
10  O
 ?0 
?qs
??9 Oǀ>?0	s?;πǀ?>?0s8	ƀǀ?>?p?
sg	??ǀ̀ǀ?>?p 	?
sg	??ǀǀ??p 
sg0珀?Ȁǀ??pp
 s'珀?Ȁπ??pa
s'
矀?ǀπ>?x`
g
珀ǀx`
g 	π?ǀx
g ?߀ǀp
?߀y
߀߀y

?π

?q
 Cy
  p|?y
 
	р \   @o_

{  ?<
p=<?		=	
		y?q
q
q
q
q
q ?q
q
q
s
3s
3c
3c
3c
3c 
3c
3s
OcOc?<Oc?OcϟJc C@  @߀+cϟ矏x<@  	 8iYrÀ
#:	 H <O'||Oo
O 
Oo 
O
Oo 
Oo
O
O
O 
O_
O?
O
Oo
Oo
O
OO~Oo??Oǿ矏Oϟ矇 ~8	 
# LoϿ. < F?K  <<O||O
O 
Q?
Q
V VV??VϿVϟ ߀? /
 I?!Ͽ+	?   Ӿ<?M xV
V |V?<V?V
Ͽ /'L	      2Ͽ   b    ]?= @ f!  D  "             |<F"D! DB"          @@   0   @ ?fsf3b#     "    @ @  0       ?'!qB@11  0        ?Jwnbq	`L@@   ?gπ>?|?#	xπ3'~9ss?g?>o߀π{?<߀{?|㟀߀?π|????
?|~y'ǀ~?A?|	g 6/6 /6y/6??/6?<,6?8O,6?8o,6?Ϝ,6?9Ͽ,6yϟ,6 {8,6|,g %@%  I
 #%߀
݄  %߀   %߀
|< %߀
o	 %߀
o	9 % 
woȀ	|oπ %@ ?'o 
||O %߀
oϏ	<|߀ %߀
o	|ϟ %߀
`Go	8ϟπ %߀
p<`p<	? %߀ %߀   %π   % ,?Oqπ 3	  ,  g   X   4                      =l:o fl_  __!l Y4 K K 9 .?p?a83O\?..snl۟r̝?{r˟..qsn\8?zˋ.mkmZ6_ʗ۶Vٷk_.ro][+V:w/տ8wr߀.=;gN|zwΝӿxw߀.f~7fٿ;vo̝?voٿ.p?Ǐy<|ߏ>>9 8?-6׿,߀-ӟ '3  Lo?߀>߀~?߀?߀ 	߀߀ ߀?߀ߏ???o?	? }￀??} ? @?C ?	1		`?
???  ( ??ߟ	1??=??
? ?? ??? ~?xǀ}	
=ɀ	??
~g
?  |9	3?  }	?x??}@|
~ |		
?
?
~??<    
?  	 	? 	=
?
   ?
?ǿ#?	 ߿??
t ߿

Ǽ   ??
c  ?  ? #w߿
? 
?Ͽ
? ǀ>߀}B<
 
  ߀~
වA
?


 ǀǀ\ ?
ـ
_g
 ? ?  a?
?ߟ
?


?`À????ـ}?
 ߀
??߀ ?
߀>?
|߀
x?C?	?	???߀??
 ߀ǿ?߀
?߀
ـ?߀
?	߀
}	߀
>
 ??π?ǀ?o???????̀???
}?
߀??>߀
À


π
?߀
/?߀???????߀??߀ 

?݀Ͽ?߇݀w߀߀Ԁ{߀̀?  _b  #3
?~??~
?~߀
? 


~??yߟ?	
~po?7??<ߟ<Ϟ??~?~> ?ߞÃ?ߟ~??~π?>ππ?π
>ߟ܀?o go?߀ao߀߀	 ߀?ǀ翀ǀ	 83 ~ ?߀
?>߀
߀
	#߀? ?  ?  ?߀?>߀
Ǐ?
 ??x?
 	
#߀~
~G?
 ?D  	of߇ۿÀ~~o?㿀%?   =_sMTh`   ????		?~	?	Ǐo_~
}π~_
>?|????? ????݀  }???πw?o߿?ݿ	~  ?	~
 ?	߀ހ??		 		
}	_
=	
>?
݀	
	G
	
	~߇
	o?
~	o
߀
o ?
 o~'	?			?߿
=	ߟ	??	#?#oÿ	o	?	=	  
?	?
	π? ?~?
?ϟ'	~=	o߿	G ??	 7	,??~~ۇ?/~?/c}
?~
>̀'?}Ϝ~7Ͽ
?π?￿~?_?oٿ @   "a   
 
C ['|=Oߞ}~
|~
~	yw	{~_ߗ	z	O }	ݞ	|?
?wz{
?{?
y{
_}}o=,=}߽}	 {<_?	z???z߀??z?=}|??|߀{}ǀ{g?=7}Ͼ
}<?y?߀~|
}??
>@ߟ??
~

~~ǀ
߾׀

?߿	
߿@
?߿Ͽ
~߿??~


z

?;
>??
>
| 
  
À߀
'	?o
	$o$~>g~
$_??~???~?
??
?>?
`߀}??
Ϟo
~~A???o<?ovw~`g߿x	??kw	>?	~ﾀ	~?~?'~ǀ }~y		{	
7
}H$~?~~À
?7ހ
|?
}?
  
??  
?> O	}-?
g?	j?7
ǀ
f
}0 
(|_/7
 

}?
?

~
???ߏ?g>w
?	a
?>
?ǀ
 ៀq9S
 p?aπ
~߀g?
߀s? ?> ߀?؀
~;?=

݀

~?g?ـ߀?߀?π? 8=
?߀

~	w?~?=
G
߀߿

؀??*@?o

~?	{O=0>gOۿ
z??  ߀?      mp F 
'  ?߀~ 
?	g~>l6?c_>w
@߀?߀g		}?qϿ?
߀!? 	߀		߀ 
?߀
߀
π߀
o
߀
΀߀
}
߀
߀
߀

߀






΀>
?	
	
	
~	
ހ	
	?
	
	
߀߀
	}
	}
߀
 ߀
߀
߀߀
 ߀߀
߀{߀߀ rKRee0 ٪.׫zyT^￀~...?߀39 .vwnٳwvߟgnۿwg߀..{o.˟r|ϟ}rπ..szz_j׫.mjZvZݷ.t#:wN:w.~;g:wۿ:w߀.vݷݿoo^ܿ-9 ߀ ߀߀߀ۿ9 	     4                      =l:o fl_  __!l V K K π@ ȸ  D  Ȉ D @ @ D @ D @ @ Ȉ        Ȉ ??       Ȉ 8=   
x  <x Ȉ $x  C   |  x Ȉ $8y     x  x Ȉ 
8} ?     x   Ȉ 
8=< x    x   Ȉ #x=< @  x    x   Ȉ $8=8   Ϗ  x  <x Ȉ $?8  Ͼ   ?x Ȉ $ 8    | ?  ? Ȉ  D@D   ̄  L   
~    Ȇ ?		    Ȇ 	-3#78 7 0   ? 8 1؜ Ȇ 	- `  $  3  Ȇ 	@̌    Nffgfw s8 Ȇ 	g px$?    C    Ȇ 	33s6303!2 2"#z   ܁ Ȇ 	1  ?"p 3     ? Ȇ }	 L " ψH@~ ffgp6` Ȇ (x ^^`qGx   a `` Ȇ 01 3!002"`ps0109ܜ\ Ȇ 	p! # `p 8| Ȇ  ܀MlnlNlf$wwr< Ȇ 
À8  "sY~0Ǟf@ Ȇ  2 3&   33w`7w070܃ Ȇ ߀/      ?F00<
 Ȇ   L̅ " Y f@n` w7 Ȇ 3 
   ă L@7< Ȇ 3?33 33  `  2 0wc0 03  Ȇ   !E0|C O ! ܃ Ȇ ό  ] " \ N`@fo f7| ؆       N @ 7q` ؆ 3p 13# 1p6 8 r0Quwwa? ?!݀ ؆ /< x` 2 0' w&>@$730988 7
 ؆ L H@  MX@D l(DD @>0ws Ȇ ,~ @ x   8p  @@ ?ww` ؆ 'vs 0  272p"3' 	 
 ؆ 
|  ? s073  ݀ ؆ ܄̀  ͘Ā@hD@@Fbbcw ؆ =   L @ϼ  ?@x @ o sw ؆ w903   8  `  Gtsw v?; ؆ 1 =  g  02?s   ؆ } \̀  ̀ ܘOZlDg1o ؆ p  ~g ` > À D al ؆ w70  ws0   226#ws!x? ؆  sx @ "   72 v<g? #0    ؆ 	  !
܀A ݀@ DD@D`7 ؆ 3g     C ?aL  D D`hv ؆ ?	c  2w 0   #g0 7eb330؇ ؆     0p 8@ 6?0  ;܇ ؆ ـ!   ]<] @  DFngv ؆ 	 ' | @@ L DDDDO~nf& ؆ 7?  `   0 0 3 ؆  ` 0 
wp `#  	  ؆ 
  ߀   Dg ؆ xG   ` %   " DD@ p І )??~7  v   v'r7gw22 02 ؆ '   ?7g06 x0   	 ؆ =X  
   a@DG І ?x  

   	!   @G І 
sw  ? 7#  `7` p"  І ||   wc C  0    ؆ ~܄܃  ـ A   D~ І s      x   D| І p s q#?  sb" xb 0p `  І %p  y  gsw@pb 0   ؆ |  ؃   
 @  @ D  І {     ؀< `   І {"?wq7 7r #/  pp0 ` 0 І ߀   ?`3  1 	    ؆ ̀ @
 =  
LD  І   @   \    `   І !03  p`  vG  1s00"!pa І  p'@` c|  0|q      І ! @   8   Ɉ @DG  І  a  h  @G x·  І  3 30 '` ?w #s2 03  І     ? 1 > І  ܀
 X  D~ І > ! 
 H 8  І >#32 #w"1`  1{ І |   B ?     І Ȁ̌  
   D І ?x?<߀       І c?312 03"b wv3'  І <3  ?瀃    І   		  D І p   !Ø    І 3r3" "32  0#w3#0"    І 翀q
w   `     0| І ̈ ̈    DDO   І c3'`06         c73` 3w'0$6   7s" 2&wp3&"   0 8   @0   π `   p  O	Mݘ 
݈  @ DD  ovw`w0   @w  `  І wwsww3w0#30'p#s72 "#wcs "  8 І GǰM?  <    ݌̝   DG  |$ww G?  1   o2 r#w37#rcb 7wv    w
& "   1  Oߝݐ p  ΅    ${ܘ 	͉͍  
  DN  w~|vp  ?17ww7w    ?  `  .?v0 6#"&s6"bg6 73ww "3bwv "   ? `  a A} ?	3̅   `  ݌ "̈	ݝ DN  
4w     ` ?`   ?  -|f~`  v   '" ``'7ww7wv"f 7p7 2` ?  ,|,      @ 
܀??  `        
كݝH @~  p   CvwA  @s wGwqw`?t   ?     cw#>c # bw"wgwsw#7`w23v ;   		؀   
 2C      Ȅݝ݁̀  ~  ~wft  ` 0 twa2f    ?  ,F$>1" `""2 ""6pvvw&vwvwrbv2 f 8;  
  Н     	ݝ`| D     
 !  ̀ 
ݙٝٙ
  E    vw4 pw `   wswwqwwt<`     @   ? : " vwwffrv72vtv x  0  ݝ܃   
   	8   <		Ɂ   Y瀎  
p 7vw`0   ` w wpwtwt @ |>    ?0"b"g`gpff&gv" vp" @ p>       
 U
  |\ @ x   , ޙ   
 Ȁ    ffr 3vf vp00  @ `dwCwpt< @   @p p| 0` 0 tf&ggw sg6q           ]݈ Üx  @   	   ݁ف   @fwrswp    7 7wwsw  3s  q#?  ?  0 6 'ffvw2# # s3    =܀      _ x  ,
 8  ؈݌    |wvw` f p 7wt 6  8?      ``&0 1 r0Ffv v6b;rb"     ݘ   =M]      ؈  ݀
	؝     .n7tw%f    wp07gwtA<"" #q     @?/?   f f &fw""##"     +=

    ؈@     =  у    0og7wwss~p wwC7wwAG       ('s'pff&ff &gGc"   ?    

كOπ       ̓	̈́     &.owgwv s??wwtwt00"    ?  ?=0&>f cfwv""  4  ;  
;9 9݁
   _ ?  
??<0  	H   ~   .n`bf`?vwwtp2" "    g<L~?>o a?f/v'p2"      7 Ѐx@   
  > H
   ?nfp7pb"!   
1 ~3
@ffbO?`ab" b     
 ?
 ٘?
؅  |  
?  l  `Gvwy0 q"	 "     π
` ffx?'6 p" "    
?    
X     À
` ws  p "       
``f`fF `` "      
  @ ކ 0  
     
v'gft p ""  "   >f`fgff`   "  "     ّ     ٟ x     
 `` fw@ `w ""  ""  
03e f &vf`r0"`   
?1񉁀ّ	x脈  
08?٘ @    nfwff@f"b&f @pvb"  Ŝ?Dw `Hfwgg 0w` "    ߓ     ٽ    %nft& G@wgw'w@G`p "  =Fffbffcvr"    ߀ݝ  ׀<    N f`&FfCv" "?    ǀd~&Fffw" ?    	 ݍ  ?|   ۃ       nd ff#fg@`ffg v `p"     0p3w d` ? F@x" "    		0ߙ  
8     	<   	 >     @`` $op$gBF@t Cv"  
?~ $w` l cv"
   wp   ?|	    7p  .  π99 ?>    >  ,Fffbff`f`` ?v  wv "	?>  ncgp  ?  f " "   ??  󻳙		 0   ~?   1<     ?|>    dn
.`v@ 3v"	?8      B< &@ fw`"  ?<      ن    08Ϗ    ?      nfBFfF@ g2w "  x     ?g /#7              `     9 Ï  ?   lfGnof@fbfc&wr"#?    @o`xfwFwp "    8   {   0     1   0   @on ff &fbwwb"#?      x,nww> 3 ;     	ݜ  0    ?         @bDf` ffbwwp"|       π?
 ? 'gwp |    0   ?		   <    ? ۙ    |    nBf d wf7vwf "# |    ?  bfctG@  |    
  ~           ?    o &ff&f@& ffwtgpv ."' ? 0 <   g'wwwp?   > 8<   
	  < < <   8>݀   0     f"of nf&fw 3r`""#     ǀ4>c0 gfw`!w         Ȉ    ? Ëx   @   O. f@ b &7p2""#`    
?   @>6wGp>  p     
x    
    `     
n`nfn `fw6#g0 ""w`       odG0       
ۻ   ə     
?        
`&Ff B f fprg`~2 ""       ? F@pww@       
܀   .    3|1݁ރ 	    ~   
σll`@gbcw ` r ""?    
  gp7 @          
ك 		 Ȁ       ?         "non.`fF'tr` p"#     Ͽggp`  p        "ۻ{9;    q x   "ߟ<  O x   " l.`f@cv6 @""7   x    qO@ot> "     ˻;<	     o?3  ?  0    dnn't v""?w >  8     & `0d" ?  <   ϸ90 ݍ     	
 Ɂ     ??    
 ddac "?  0  ?   '` F  "" ?     
	   8    p	 0ǀ  x    . '`vwB "7 | x    ?l~f &vv"'  0  ^   
;{#   	 >q    
?9
; 	 s    
/D~o  ww@"	>  s   ? ߿  f#`">     	      
	؅     p"?   `?Od f "??   x;
|݁! ?   `x
{0    `n
op `c "?   / n$dC`q"?   1	;8{;	} ـ @   
;;9{    
f~s<fs'`"x     
gG``fc"?~?      
3ᱹم    ` 
?ۃ$        
nƮ f n Nw"'  @    
ndg f nf b"#    
?{ ? |\Ȅ    
10??٘Ȅ  ` 	  O  `<n " 6  ~ ` 	D@?g nDDf@&">  ` 	!;  { Ȉ  ` 	      ` 	g    "
#?     n@d f`F @"ff"
#???     	  00|    
`       f {"
`   @Dl `rf"w?  ` ?90q 8 ` 9	<؃	  < ` ? " < ` |VDFLpvn`F"fb"? 8 ` 8	  	809 	~ ? ` 10       	  Ϗ8"""|     `  	DDNn.Nfbfb"x        ?o ȃ      `  ;;	    A       ,n 0"
 <  x ` L D|^	D`f nf"
/ p  `      8?ہg    ` 1?      `  b"?   ` nD~fF nfb"?`?   `  >
 	 ? ` ` 9	??     ` 	xn@@p?i  #  ` 	@`F@```"   `  π0  ` <	    ` {π㑁q      `    ` u""p   ` LDGFL@t^Oe""#7`  <    `  x  > < ` $;p    `   x >`"#	?   ` ƀ%N  `Df&"#w~|  ? ` 󣻻 ;1?  ` ;;1   @ ` o.  o`0  "'    ` &nDDNn`DDga""/w~7    ` &; 5 !? ?   ? ` ;11?Ȉ? ? ? ` πn8  ?  ??  ` ?'n`@`b"   ` ';  `  > ` 㹻9;! = ?  ` ( `g ` ƀFnfD`f@"v ` 03:9?'| ? ` ;	
 ` N08>,/? À ` F&nflL|f!`'`   ? ` &;6;!   ? ` 3;;
   c `   nnnA'   ` ' nl@nOH@A /@   `  ; ;;8; 9  ?  ` 13;; 	   / ` N &n?	>   ? `   .NFo  qy ` #;@   ` q  	\ `    ޅ`&p    ` nD ?#?  ` ;;ᑁ    ` ;1< < `  g   @@f~`q    ` 
 DDD@o`ws   ` " ;; /Ȁ  ` 
;;   o `  dDDB"  `  @ f΃DFG  w } ` 
?󻻣  0 9    | ` 
?;  
p 9 ݝ x `
? ߀@OfGDo`f `  ?   	nO ww ` ?    		  ` ;8`< 9?  ` dla @  `  `'   w ` 
3311   ` p?   `    nfG G? ` 
DL  	 ` 3;3?	8 ` 9   p ` dd  ~F@  ` 	̀@`lD     8 ` 3; 00    x ` {
  8|  ݀ 8 ` DD`~DF  f  ? ` 
 @|    `   3?3830	  ` 0   @ 	π`ąD@g   ` 
ˇ `lDD@D    ` 
;;08 	 @ 
?08 |O @ 
ǀ`D	FDD?|#? ` 

   @  ?| ` 
 3; 1<߀ @ ;'8  @ 
N̀nLnLąDF  ` 
  8    ` ? 1111  @  0p 1  
 @ ߀fdNDDFG p  @  (  ?3  @ 2?3	30;9?  @ >?;   |	 @ @ 
<|nLD|O? ` <~?   n@   ~ ` 
9s?9? @? @    p?  @ @ ` @  @  @  @     8 @ ̀   	    @ 333  ?    @ 33 ? 3
2 3   @ @ ̈    8 @ ̀Ā  	  8  @ 37""  ?    @ 33 ? 3
2 s 0 @ 
    8 @ @_ 	  8   @ 3
  ?   0 @ 33""  ? 3
2 ww 0 @ @ ̀    8 @ ̀   	  8  @ 33""  ?   0 @ 33 ? 3
2 w 0 @ ̈    8 @ ̀  	  8 @ 33"3  ?   0 @ 33"1? 3
2  0  @ ݃H   8 @      @  @ 0 @ C C @ C  @ c  @ c0 p  @  ` @  ည    @ s  @ s  @ @ @   @ @  @ @  @ @   p  @ q @ ß7π8Ǿq  @ ??1ߘ @ ?!1 @  @ yπ!1 @ &=Ƙ @ ~&? @ 
   < @       4                      =l:o fl_  __!l  D  K K nf" D                	    X      ?  |    ?  xs   
  8  $ߎp{   9<   ǎ  $pÏ   =>   >  
p ~<  >      
p  <      
>p{p  <      $>{p  <    8p  $p{p  < < >   '<  $p < <   ?  $p   8 ?  ؘ             9   " ffd"f`f  f`&ff &f #wv3w3
0 89A   fw|&f`g`@vfff ? ~
 =`>  |?8ݝ? ܝ݄
DFt&   =݀
  ~ <   ` 6wwpwsw3
;; 8   	` fbww~f``σfFff@ ?&w`6pww> x `    ߃ـ؉݃  D oC   
 ܘه  8 g   
   ?C`pp  6  7wfw30339    
 f? ct&fB``  f G &gvw pw  ?   %  ` ?  	  ݃D	@D@#   	 	 		 ݀         `fp 7wBw3320  ?	8   	 f? fd f  O f`nf wBwv36       ~ O	    ̀ D c   	 ܉  	     ݀ p     ~ < ?@ ~f   v "w"33 00	 9<   `gfwff` $` f`` d fn ` w@ x {|~      	  	 	 X Dj`r  	  <  x    
 &`  b  7f`w03 w 3	   	 &ff~?f` @&`  wwtwtw@ @ @    ݃ D@lf       8ރ   f` d "  gw332r!  `fgff` a  wwv F  
  Ề    Dd &F  ٙ  0  =  w  n@ ` ~ "" ggws  " 9ٸ  `f
`  g`` &p : wv     À  	 ̀DFx~?  	 ?    88  w ~f fd  " `gw3  "    f
ffgff` <  d   w @@  ݝِ 		  D@    ?     wwgv ,n ff d " $&v w""  <  ffgfo <n  G@|  ٙ  9  	  @G@|     ?    =㻸x  wf`   . f ` b"  !b""   8  f&f  ?σ      D  	ݙ	 ; 		  
   	   ?  ""    vwvffvf `ff fdn `&@o@"#wsw"   fbfn    ??   @E  ٙ
   
݀    ; ?  x   "   wwvfn  " """"   fnf
D N    O  		ن 	             " ~  fv` f 
fd   "  "    fnn        
      0     "2  f
ff`` &f`  f`  "   wwfw 0           
݀    "" 8   fgf` 
f@ ffF`@`"     fogf o               
     "   f &f  d df  f    "   
 ?  }= _      ?  
p c<0 ?~&"?  f>&fd` bDd$``&d  " ?   
 
?           ?     8 " "#  f ~f`  f@@  .       n              

?  ~ "#8  ff`f@fgfn f `fd  f           	        	?an   "#  ff &f&`f`ff` |     
  ?; 8     ً 98p      v, <p "?  ff gf 
f ff  @p      
       	  	        $`"~  fgf  nf f< G .   ٝ  9 8      9     
 >v  ~`n  ` "@  ffffgfd f	  n` n$ ` &     ߀ 9    	        ;    	  .`` $n   n &`"w  fff  &`f  `  o f   ߀  9   	    	
   	   	`f  & @ f "" w  	o`n . @ ,   	   	   
  
     		o ff BfD  &fd   "w  o
g f`n    d.   		  9 ;   8	    	  9 
  (   
  f    f , " "'w  o
 fn `        
  8        
           o
 `f  d`  d """'p  
@f 
 p            98      8   ;? O  
 `` &f n &fd&fl " ""7wp  
     . `     
;              f   `   &f " ""  
N   @ `    	     
   9     fDFD@ dfFff` """"wp    `   
     
     
  Ffd fFff`  ""wp     .   
    Ќ  
  0;   
  fnf@ &`f`@    "'wp  
  nʉ   
     
 ;   
  fdffFfdf  ".?w@  
     
    ͌  
      
 fff  $     `"wp  
F    
      
 x 8    ffnFffB @  D"'v   CÀ    		; Ѝ        ff`f D  D  "'p  
~           8         x   , ff` ff`  hD@ D "'  $   n x    |   8     
 ;;x /     ffd f`ffDf`hD@D "    nx    9 ߎ    x Ȇ }  @fn f@f@hD@@"p  oÀx >?   ;9;؎   ? x  n d@nfdffdD@ " 0    Dn À   
0 ;     ?჻      d.Nffd@D@ "v  	 n       
9      ; (   ff` f FFfD,  "" #    p  	   9  1   	    "/  	ff` fd@ NDnHfd`D "/p    8      ; ; ؎    ;@D 
@  "/   fnfnfl   DfndND@@ 	 ""/p           ;;  ?   ??D@@ "
/?  fd 
 nN @@D@ 	   o       ?     ;0      ~ ?  D@ 
 ""#   fDFf@  n@n n D    
;     
;    
D 	n D@ "# @  fffnn@ n ΃   @   	 	;     ;    n   D   "/  t   n f@@  @        ;  ;     ;  ;       
D  "/   @  N_     	  ;     ? 0{  8   
? nDB"	#  @  nn@ 
 	     ??8  {  >   ? ?ۻ      n   n@D@  "'    o
     ?      ;;      ; ;0 ;? 

      d nLD@ "'    D(  
       8 ߄ 
      ;     
?       N   D "!  | ??     .       ??             ;
3    |8    
 D@   D "# |8    
 o   |x  x   8  p   ?	   8    
΃DD  dD@ "#   
. Ў   ?	        3;?;     ?nDLN DD@D@ D@ ""#v 0   
?  x   
;! ;       p   	;	   
   ?   n
DnLDDD@ "#p    ?      ;            l@DD lD 
""# wG      < 	      
    ! < 	      DLD
@ '/wpt             Ѓ      ? ~   NNnD@  ?wwp    /?      	Ѕ     ǀ   x   π nFNDFD@  ?p 0   π8   ?   	       p     D@``DD   ""wp        <              	   GFD
 ""w|          1 	߀    ~D  "/    FDD  "/w                   @  @ /     DD@ ""#w     
  8          8      D@ "/
    8     DB""'ww    8    !        1?     	?        
DNDf"#7     
?    >     =3;\     ? ?   p?     DGN_DB"wv7wx       ?    9
     ? ?   DDND DĄDfb""/vw     ?    
  ӻ <   > ǿ 7  |     @FDb""w|7        3  x   
    ?
8  |    nlNFffnDfb"'w`3   ǁ    ?   ǁ     Á _݀7      bnFff"" ?   
  < _ 0     =     
 q ?    ߀ `nDff""       ? 	    !8?;  ?   ; {   ?      nnDFb""       n     ??    ` 
8 ?  ` 
~D @@@Dffb' ` n  ? ` 11 ; `  8  `  @  F|Dfb"n# ` @   GĆ  `  
߀  `   ߀ x  ` G_ĄD
Ff""'7   ` _D    `    ` 
     ` GODDFDff"?~   ` DG_ ~   ` 33
 x@  ` 0 
  ` ăD\DFfb73  `  D@D\ D@ ???  `  9	  ` 99   	ǀ  `  ώ DLDfdDDFFg
  ` 	QD|    ` 
ỿ   ` ? 3   `    DD@DDDD"?  `    DD@  ?  ` ;	  `        ` D	DEDF'  ` @   ?  ` 
? ?  ` 3;;    `   DODD_OD  `  DDODDo   ` 3;1  ` ;33   ` Ƅ ODG  ` 
|D@ ?  ` ;p?  ` 
;;38 ?  ` nL_DFg  ` 	@    ` ?  `  3;;0 ?  @   GπĄDG  @      ` 
q?  ` 
q30?     @ 
   DDOĄD  @ 	@8@     ` 	8  ` p8     ` DO  @ DD    ` 	ׁ3  ` 0    @ ǀ  ODg  @    ?  `  ?  `      @  _DDG  @       ` 7  @    @ D  @    `   `    @ _DO  @   ` 3?  @     @  ǀ  @     @ 33?  @ ?  @ ߀D  @ #  ?  @ #?  @ #?  @ "Dg  @ "?  @ "
  @   @ D 8  @ ?  @ 1  @ 	
o>~n   @  @  @  @   	  8 @ ̀     @ 33""  7wp 3
2 s3  @ 33 ? 33~   @ ̈  	  0 @ ̀    0 @ 33""  7wp 3
2 s3 0 @ 33 ?   0 @ ̈  	  8 @ ̀  
  0 @ 33""  7w` 3
2 ss 0 @ 33 ? 7w  0 @ ̈  	  8 @ ̀  
  0 @ 33""  7wp 3
2 ss 0 @ 33 ? s3w~  0 @ ̈  	  8 @ ̀  
  0 @ 33""  7w` 3
2 ww 0 @ 33 ? 7ww~  0 @ ݌ȍLM8 @  @ ; @ @ C g @ C  @ c 8 @ B ` @     @ ` ဠ @ s  @ c r @ @   @ @  @D @ @    @ @  @   ! @   @ Î7ǀ?1ߌ @ ??1 @ ?11 @ x1!61 @ ~&? @ ~& @  @ "   !111؃Nldfonfvvn" "         z   4                      =l:o fl_  __!l >  K K         p88  p 8  ?  xx<   x x    |9 8 x   <x  $xy>> 8x   <x  xo ~>   ?  
x{   x8 x    
{  x8 x  ?  
xx <x x8 x    x<  $xx{  8x ?|8 x  <x  $xxy < x   ?  $x8  {     #p08{    0 , ` |`  +A(!       
fbfgfwgwwfb'wf'v7v"fggfcww  ??  ܙى	߀
N`'   ǀ	  "  `rfbgwvggww`Fw'wwfvwwwww;   fFf   
f?  ??  	 Dnfwfvvwfv"wcwv`7w  
?9	?  
؝݈ٝ߀l&f  ?	  `ffw&wpw&fbgw' ?
	8;  a ? 	   1 ݀ff`   	  vwrfvwwvb
󻻹9  a
 }  
ٙ݁
dfr    	π
|   dngwwf7
󻱹   >      ;݃ل݀߀
 &ndb  8 	 Gđπ  d  og6fw w    G	  ݆= 
߀g  ?  ?  ~fngwf`f`fgf& ww  ?a  χ?   ?݅ 	߀߀
NfFG  '>>0 @F~vf&ffg&gfvwbg#g;;?? 8   
    ?

? 0  
  ٙ߀
Df~p  	?
 ?    
f`fggwvf`ffwg"#www
=    
gg	 !	??    
	݉	  ɀN? ?  #πÀ	   ?   cGnoffvfffbg ww;?   	9πO 	?     ى	Ȉg?   <{
?   ff l&g&fbfffvw> ?   nπl?> ?   
 ؀݀     
?<?
?   f~@fGg&f
&ww|   ?@|?s	x   
9 	؈M   ??  ;  	?   ^NfFfd bf
 /w""w;     !?    	݀߀   ??  < ?  fFff`fFffb/r77w ? ?   
&  ~ ?  ވ
܈  ?  ' ?ǀ
t | | ~ ?  f f@fdf&f`r"'v203|   	    |8?x    	؈x    ɀp   ?   ރ DFfbfbr`" 7r0>  1    O  O > >    		  N        ?  >        ffdf ff&6""bv322118       ? ?  |?q      	
 L  ?   _ ?c? '_~ ?   ff f`f f&  7s33038 ?  
  p ? x   	;؈@x   0?߀ N Ca  ?  nf@ fbf`b 7s 3!   ?؀     ݄ w  0<?x     n f`&f&fgvr 7's3#3   x    ?߀	s x        x  w    ??
  8    
 F fF$@f&f&`f`fb7vwr  0 8  ?   ???=
   	  ?  
  	   8      p?wv     x   Dn nfd`ff FfGf dwp3 7s0{   	<> ?8ͅ lq 0  
  ݅> ? 0   @Gπ' ' `x7     0  @@N ff ff ffdt   p7w    0    B|  ]ݟ>   0  
;   !x
       ,? c??  0? a p0  ?    	/ f`f`dd0pfd' `   
!8y	̃ ]   ?  9	̀  ]   p ?O  "o  f?>vp 6?p  p    `> ?  N    d fFf&f & #&p 0 8? 2 0       σ 
 !80 80 0  
 ?     0    b ?      s? 0  ` `ff@ff`o@f  `& ba?   @ 8?
      0   	       ` >?
 w  w`  !    ~f` &@cA `ff` wvw7ww   >   ?08? ] ݝ  >   888 ?         `n``@vd7vwpws 7     `f_f``ff&wvww" ws`? #   ? ;  ݝ	     0?;  ? ܃    #G~ ? wt wp   D_ǆff`&`    d&&fFp  7s7c`  ?  ; 8 ف	\  0 ?  ; 1	     ?  0`Fp ~lcv` w	wwt     ?<ff`` fF`dbf` ffw rrv w<   <9    
\  `   џ<	9	     `   G~ ` `dfg&wt  7< 8     _~ ` @@ `ff&ffwpv">     <  3  ?
݀ 
܄      ;     Ȉ      3 	` 0`	wB p` @         0 f@  fwp`    |  ?  0   0 
   |  ?      0? ݘ  |    >h   p&
gt`7@ v 00 ?  /    |f&fod ?` ~  p`         >_ 8  ܀   8     ?         nfFg wp s`   ?   Lg  n`v@  f  s` ? ?    ?0 0  這=  `  ?    ' 0 ?
=  `    g 0 d?fvw@0 wt a``    G  `  ~ C.f
`  sp w`` 	       >   
  
   	
 3ف 
   t@΃ hfogt   0ps|    &|`N B ` ngwd   p7s    	?܃ 
 ?      08;        t  `n.  f w@ 7 <   D@O f~`  r  w   1 
    1؀ 
     `~& `  ?&g  7    d~@wfogonn gfb f w ?     
   	{	?     	   ~
   0p  	  `/π?  & #p  ?   	  ? 	      	ۀ    ɀ      	d    Gwwq  0 ?  gπ v` 6 1 ?  0?  0 
 	 ?  
9   
؁_    πv    0s   	@Nf
   @g '    ; х  	   
ππ   N
`  ``t ǀ  DoNOf fvt `   	0?  ݙ       	?       
'/ ww6 ?  
&`f gfr~  ?  ;?9? P ?  Ã9 	
π
  t `߀
  Ndf`^f   f@ `	  ??	9  \> π  ?	 	 |`   loB ` s   OnN
 `  ` c  
ダ?߼
      _߀  f6?p0wwpA    `f6
f`&vf`A"w~     ?

>  ;᱄
_߀   O
p     n d &g~<w  	
 1 
  ;
؀ 
  	  !>
7 
  Nf
/v0   
8/   񑙿
߀  	 0   o`fbff .G  p	vߏ  وٍ݀  	 q   	f`&"w   	
 ?
    	;?     	 	
 0 _  	 nF `   	 
    	 ߟ  
0 ?  	@Df	`?0w  	 @	  
0    
p
   
π~f@r?w  C	?
?x 	  	X	  	? /? ǀ  
n`f`Fr?| q ?  ??x     
	0 
݀    ?    Goff`     π`~    {?  {݀
  gGf  ?   A 
   ?
  9񑐉
߀  >?   NdN_fFd 
  pG    ??݀
  ?1
w 
  Na~
fb? ?
      ? ?
  
	ȑ X?
  
s x?
  FF
fo'  ?
  
f  ?
  
   ?
  ? ?   Dofw ?  ?  ? ?    ;ׇ  _  ?
 ?  ?  	π	~c  |   ?`      3	 
   	     ߀o	`` ?  π	o    ?  ?       ?  ƀ
wv ?  w    
;   
 {? 	  	ON    	
    
߀
    {  ߀
     π
߀
  `  	      ; 0 <  ?
|    nx    "|    }      ǀ
?  %	?   
  (   (   (       ( _ P  ( _ p  (  p  )  #  #	  #	?  #?  "?  "ǀ  "Ā  "   " ߀      D      	À  

   
~_o
   
   	   
	    O   
   
  6     6  6    6  6   6     6   6  6    6  6   6  6     6  6  6  6   6  6  6  6     6  6      6  6  6  6      6  6   6  6   6  6    6  6   6  6   -  -  0߀  6  -    -    -    -pw  -p  -|?  -  6  6  6   6  (   (?    (
  (
  '
  )  )   )   (  (O  6  %  *
  #	
  %o  #
  
  $H$A    "A!   0!sz`.ous        ̄ 
    ~""        
32""  3
0 w            ̈  
     ""        
32""   3
0 ww    ܈        ̈   
     fv""        
32""   3
0 w    ܈    ݀    ̈        wv""        32" 3
0             ̃  
     ""        32" 3
p     ܌        ̈̈ 
 
                 @      `       Ȣ     `8  ߌ0?  .~??ǟ  8? `{Ǐ   ? xǟǏ   x9 `;`   81> a      
	   4                      =l:o fl_  __!l 2 K K 4 
B
  wcb 0cǀ` 0aÀpÀ܀ X64.   + "π π ۀ
? π ππ πππππππππππππ ππ π߀π߀π߀π߀π߀π߀π߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀ ߀ #߀  ߀  @   π߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀￀߀߀߀߀π߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀߀?߀߀߀π߀߀߀߀?߀߀?????߀????????  ???ŉ ??ċ ?π ?π ?π  ?π?π?π?π?π?π??π?π?π?π?πππ?߀߀o߀/߀ ߀ ?߀ ߀ǀ߀_ ߀  ߀ ?   ߀	   ߀ ߀  
߀
߀
߀߀
߀
߀
߀
?߀?
?߀?
8  ߀?? π?
 ?
O?߀π ?
O߀ 
O߀? 
߀?߀?
߀?
߀?
߀π?߀π?π?π? ?π? ?π?π??π? ?π? ?߀??π?π ~?π~?߀p 
߀~ ~? >߀ĉ ?>߀ ߀ ߀ ߀ ߀ ߀ ? ? ?? ??  ??  ?t A? ? ?P ? ???? ? ? 	? 9?? ??$y??$@ _??  π? ȉ ??p ?? ?? ???s??ǀ3?㟀ǀ#??ǀc ???A0?p?߀30? ?矀'῀4 ?@ @4 	  chapter    #  ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P# 
    
  t                g H    #  H 	`>	    xi fQ  ԩX# Marine and Coastal Image Data Module 5:t  k              C!  } S    `(#v #  H 	`>	    xi fQ  ԩX# Practical Lessons: 3k #  ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P#    
  -   
   ! %'              _  z  _ _     1.PCX                                                %)   jK 
  ~ R       ] Location map of the study zone   3'                                          3'Standard                                  6&                                          6& Standard                                  ܰ                                          
   2 
 Practical Lessons Using Marine and Coastal Image Data
 L a 
 L a 
 L a #  qs 	[ 
    P fQ  
P# 
 4  3: EVOLUTION OF A COASTAL UPWELLING EVENT AT 30$S
 L a 
 L a 
 L a 
  ~ R "  F = # 
] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P# Aim of Lesson
 L a 
 6 a      To study the evolution of an upwelling event south of "Punta Lengua de Vaca", Coquimbo, Chile,
using a sequence of sea surface temperature (SST) images and wind measurements.


  ~ R 
    G  Objectives
 ) `      
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

1) use the BILKO software to follow the evolution of an upwelling event in a sequence of images
spanning several days

2) highlight the relationship between the occurrence of an event with strong winds and upwelling in
the study zone

  ~ S " 3) use the Transect function to determine the intensity of upwelling.


 0           o.?+?+HH  _/  !  0  
  ~ R   aA Background Informationă



  ~ R  The images used in this lesson

The NOAA-AVHRR images used in Chile are received at the tracking station of the Space Studies
Center of the University of Chile. The station is located in the vicinity of Peldehue (-70.6$ longitude
/ -33.2$ latitude), 40 km. north of the city of Santiago. Information transmitted by the NOAA satellites
is received, stored and processed daily by a system designed and produced locally.

The SST images are produced by processing channels 4 and 5 from the AVHRR sensor together with
the calibration parameters that the satellite transmits. Atmospheric correction is carried out using the
McClain algorithm (SST= K1*T4 (T4-T5) - K3), where K1, K2, K3 are empirical constants that
depend on the field site and T4, T5 are the temperatures in channels 4 and 5 respectively. The images
do not have geometric or georeferenced corrections; these are performed during the printing of
maps at a scale 1:1,000,000.

Each image has 256 columns by 256 lines and data is stored in groups of 8 bits (256 possible values).
The binary file contains no additional information of any kind. The data have a base value of 6$C and
each digital increment corresponds to a change of 0.1$C.

In this work, four (4) satellite images are used, these being identified as follows:


c  
    d d x                            !                         @@@@@@  c   										                 
  ~ R     % Name        .  
 * 
 Satellite        A  
 ?  Date        W * 
 S  Time GMT        l  
 i  Sensor           
  ~ R    } G Channel  			                      
   TEMA        .  
 , 
 NOAA        A  
 = u 22/04/92        W * 
 U b 19:58        l  
 j B AVHRR           
 ~  4  5   	 	 	 	 	 	                
   TEMB  0      .  
 , 
 NOAA  0      A  
 = u 23/04/92  0      W * 
 U b 19:51  0      l  
 j B AVHRR  0         
 ~  4  5  	 		 	 	 	 	 	                
   TEMC        .  
 , 
 NOAA        A  
 = u 24/04/92        W * 
 U b 19:39        l  
 j B AVHRR           
 ~  4  5  	 								0                
   TEMD        .  
 , 
 NOAA        A  
 = u 28/04/92        W * 
 U b 20:32        l  
 j B AVHRR           
 ~  4  5 			      

The surface wind was obtained from continuous wind measurements, each averaged over an interval
of 30 minutes, at Punta de Toro (30$ 44' S) and Los Vilos (31$ 51' S) for the period from the 15th
to the 27th April, 1992.

Vertical wind profiles at intervals of 50 metres were obtained using pilot globes launched at 8:00,
11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 21:00 local time at Punta Lengua de Vaca, in the period from the 21st to the
27th April.


  ~ R & Oceanographic information

Upwelling is the emergence of sub-surface waters caused by the action of the south (north) wind
component blowing along the continental western coasts of the southern (northern) hemisphere.
These winds are associated with the semi-permanent subtropical anticyclones (Thompson, 1981).   )       o.?+?+HH  ԌThe ascent of subsurface waters produces an increase in the amount of nutrients in the upper layers
of the ocean as a result of nutrient transport from deeper waters. This explains the high productivity
of these areas.

This event can show spatial and temporal variations due to local factors such as valley-mountain
breezes, land-sea breezes, bathimetry, geometry of the coastline, ocean stratification and latitude of
the zone (Vergara, 1991).

Worldwide, there are five persistent upwelling zones in which 50% of world fisheries are found. One
region corresponds to the coasts of Ecuador, Peru and Chile (Thompson, 1981).

On the Chilean littoral six zones of coastal upwelling have been identified, all associated with high
fisheries productivity: Arica (18$10'S), Iquique (20$10'S), Antofagasta (23$30'S), Coquimbo
(30$S), Valparaiso (33$ S), and Talcahuano (36$40'S). They have been documented by Fonseca and
Farias (1987), Rodr1guez et al. (1991), Rutllant et al. (1992), among others. In the present work the
evolution of an upwelling event at 29.5$S in the zone between Los Vilos and Punta Lengua de Vaca
is studied. To do this, satellite information and surface meteorological measurements for the period
from 21st to 27th April 1992 are used.

The analysis of the data in the present work shows that the measurement period is characterized by
a strong wind which began on the 22nd of April and ended on the 25th of April. This shows marked
  } S  diurnal cycles which, around sunset, develop a surface drag ty in excess of 0.15 N/m2 along the coast,
as can be inferred from the wind measurements at the Punta de Toro and Los Vilos stations (Fig. 1a).
Winds perpendicular to the coast show weaker diurnal cycles and are mainly associated with land-sea
and mountain-valley breezes (Fig. 1b).

The upwelling event described occurs between two events of calm: 18th to 21st April and 26th to 28th
April, which were preceded by another upwelling event between the 15th and 19th April, (Fig. 1a and
1b). This earlier event is largely responsible for the surface thermal structure of the sea before the
beginning of data acquisition.

The occurrence of surface wind can also be observed in the vertical profiles obtained over several
days (dias) at Punta Lengua de Vaca, which show the intensification of a jet in the lower levels of the
atmosphere, with a maximum speed of 14 m/s at about 150 m (Figure 2).

As can be observed in Figure 3, for April 22, the beginning of wind conditions favorable to upwelling,
corresponds to an abnormally cold zone south of Punta Lengua de Vaca, which mainly involves the
30 km of the ocean closest to the shore.

On April 24, SST reached its lowest values (Figure 4), with a considerable increase in the extent of
the zone affected by the upwelling. Figure 5 shows the final effect following relaxation of the winds
(April 28) after the formation of cloudiness in the area. The coastal clouds prevented the acquisition
of SST images, so it was not possible to follow the complete relaxation of the upwelling. In
accordance with the previous sequence, sea surface temperature, measured at Punta Lengua de Vaca,
shows a decrease beginning on April 22, (Figure6).
   $         o.?+?+HH  


                Figure 1      !                                  Figure 1      !                                    Figure 1      !                                  Figure 1      !                       y A  #b?                     f
  d d   W2.PCX                                                         y  $  ""p""@A "$ 


 y a  #bvh                     
  d d   [22.PCX                                               )        y  $  "" ""@a "$ 
  f I 0& #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP#      Figure 1: Temporal evolution (days) of the wind surface drag ty (N/m2), along the coast (top)
  f I &     and perpendicular to the coast tx (bottom), measured at Los Vilos and Punta de Toro stations,
  f I '  9  between the 15th and 27th April, 1992.
 L a # ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P#  @  =(         o.?+?+HH! "  A  h"+  a  @   L a 
 L a 
 L a                 Figure 1      a                                  Figure 1      a                                    Figure 1      a                                    Figure 1      a                     X t                  X  x d     3.PCX                                                t$  1! #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP# 
  f I         Figure 2: Vertical profiles of the southern wind component, at
  f I ^   L Punta Lengua de Vaca (21st to 27th April, 1992).X $  ""K
K
   K
v$   } 
  K
v   }                   Figure 1                                          Figure 1      a                     k 
	                   n n '   4.PCX                                                $  a #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP# 
  f I         Figure 3: Sea Surface Temperature (SST), for April 22,
    1992 between Punta Lengua de Vaca and Los Vilos
  f I 
   	 (AVHRR - NOAA).k   K
v 
  K
v   }  @  @         o.?+?+HH! K
vT     A.1  @    K
K
  ""    L a 
 L a         J                d d     5.PCX                                                $  ! #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP# 
  f I       e Figure 4: Same as Figure 3, but for April 24.  $  "" 

   
 $    
  
       w   J            z  d d     6.PCX                                                $  F #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP#      
  f I     e Figure 5: Same as Figure 4, but for April 28.   
   @           o.?+?+HH! 
      
 p.    @    

  ""    L a  p tt'
H                  
	 n _     7.PCX                                                tt$  "! :	" days

  f I  #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP#    	 v Figure 6: Sea Surface Temperature ($C), obtained with 
  f I O    a pail at Punta Lengua de Vaca at 8:00 local time over 7 days.p $  ""  _	_	  _	b$    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b    
 _	b         
 _	b 
 _	b 
 _	b 
  ~ S    _	_	""   aE Lesson Outlineă

  ~ S a 1) Load and display images TEMA, TEMB, TEMC, TEMD in succession. Then load the palette EGA
and display them again. Can you see differences between the images?

  ~ S  2) Use the Linear Stretch option, included in the function Modify LUT, to create a map of sea
surface temperature, masking the part corresponding to land. If you cannot produce a suitable LUT,
use LUT.STS which is included in this lesson.

  ~ S  3) Use the Histogram option to construct a graph of temperature against time representing the
maximum and minimum temperatures reached during the days of strong winds. What is the reason
for the observed temperature differences?

4) Considering that the temperatures of the images displayed oscillate between 11$C and 17$C in
the sea, draw up a table in which each colour is assigned a 0.5$C range. Verify the temperatures of
  ~ S " the images using the Cursor option. Repeat this exercise with the other images.

5) Keeping in mind that, during the upwelling event, winds increase in intensity and that, at the same
  ~ S e% time, cloud cover is increased, use the Transect option to observe the variations of temperature from
the coast towards the open sea. Compare the four images in order to see the evolution of the
upwelling.

  ~ S ( 6) Relate cloud cover to increase in temperature using the Toggle option from the MULTI-IMAGE
function to establish the required comparisons between images from different dates.
 0  G*         o.?+?+HH _	Hb   0    ~ R       D w ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 L a 
 L a 
 * a      Many thanks to Mr. Mart1n Far1as from the Center of Space Studies (CEE), University of Chile, for
providing the satellite images, and Drs. Patricio Aceituno and Jos) Rutlland, for providing the
meteorological data. Also to Mr. Hugo Salinas, for his helpful comments in the text editing and,
mainly, to Mr. Jos) Vergara for his constant support. They are all members of the Geophysics
Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Chile.


  ~ R      G  References
 * a      
 X  Fonseca, T. and M. Far1as, 1987. Estudio del proceso de surgencia en la costa Chilena utilizando
percepci;n remota, Investigaci;n Pesquera. (Chile), 34: 3346."

 X  Rodr1guez, L., V.Mar1n, M.Far1as and E.Oyarce, 1991 Identification of an upwelling zone by remote
   S  
 sensing and in situ measurements. Mejillones de Sur Bay (AntofagastaChile). Sc. Mar., 55
(3), 467473."

 X  Rutllant, J., V.Montecino M.Far1as and J.Moraga, 1992. Costal airsea interaction and primary
productivity experiments at 29.5 $S, 71.5 $W. In preparation."

 X  Thompson, J., 1981. Climate, Upwelling and Biological Productivity Some Primary Relationships. In:
M.H.Glantz and J.Dana Thompson, Eds., Resource Management and environmental
Uncertainty: Lessons from Coastal Upwelling Fisheries, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 491 pp."

 X  Vergara, J.A., 1991. Un modelo num)rico bidimensional cont1nuamente estratificado para el estudio
de la surgencia costera. Investigaci;n Pesquera. (Chile), 36: 3950."





      y    b !                    d       d d                                                        	                 y 

This lesson was prepared by Z. Salinas, F.T. Mart1n y A.B.Morgado. September 1992.


Comments or suggestions relating to this lesson should be sent to:

Zaida Salinas L.
Dpto. Geof1sica. Facultad de Ciencias F1sicas y Mat)maticas.
Universidad de Chile.
Casilla 2777. Stgo. Chile

Fax: 5626712799

   r%	         o.?+?+HH  

  ~ R     H  Answers 
 * a      

1) The VGA palette allows the display of images in tones of gray, but does not provide much detail
in the land and sea zones. When using the EGA palette, the displayed images are more detailed and
the cold water areas are clearly distinguishable.

  ~ S P 2) The Linear Stretch function allows the creation of an image in which it is easier to appreciate the
temperature contrast between land and sea, and therefore, to better examine the details. When using
the STS palette, all the details of the image may be observed.

3) The graph shows a progressive decrease of surface temperature in the areas near the coast, due
  ~ S a to the rise of cold waters. On the TEMD image a noticeable regression of the zone associated with
the relaxation of the wind event (Fig. 1a and 1b) can be seen.

  ~ S 
 4) The Cursor option allows determination of the temperature at different points in the zone. This
makes it possible to construct a colour table and visualize the image in more detail, since each colour
is associated with a known value of temperature. 

  ~ S  5) The Transect function makes it possible to follow the evolution of the event in successive images,
since the variations of temperature with position can clearly be observed in each of them.

  ~ S  6) The use of the Toggle function makes it possible to appreciate the progressive variation of the
upwelling zone along the coast. The sequence of satellite images is not complete since the entry of
clouds into the zone prevents regular monitoring.   %
        o.?+?+HH    < 