WPC  
      2       B   V   o          Z     #| @          0pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) } 2 ] : , ,    ] 	[ 
    P fQ  
P21/01/96 05:50            Restricted distributionMARINF/96                                                               2    XX  XX             X `  TTTTT|LxXxXxXxX@0@0@0@0`````````LT\``L `h`TTT|L|L|L|L\xXxXxXxXTTTTTT``@ @ @0@   L \p0p0p0p0p0``````  DDD`D`D`D`Dt8t8t8``````xL|L|L|L  \p0`D`Dt8LL\``  dh XX8TXXXX X@HX    h^                                  8d                                                        HP LaserJet Series II (Additional)   HLSEIIDU.PRS ] 	[ 
    P fQ     0Z
P 2       9     9     I         #| @          21/01/96 05:50            Restricted distributionMARINF/96                                                               2     2         	            Z   w  Dutch Roman 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Bold 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Italic 10.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 16pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 13pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Italic 13pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 7.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Italic 8.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW) Dutch Roman 8.50pt (HP Roman 8) (Port) (FW)  "  m^,8<X,DDX,8,0XXXXXXXXXX00Tx|xl@Lph`t|808X,T\L\X8T`00\0```\DD8`PxLLLXXXX XX  XX             X `  TTTTT|LxXxXxXxX@0@0@0@0`````````LT\``L `h`TTT|L|L|L|L\xXxXxXxXTTTTTT``@ @ @0@   L \p0p0p0p0p0``````  DDD`D`D`D`Dt8t8t8``````xL|L|L|L  \p0`D`Dt8LL\``  dh XX8TXXXX X@HX    h^                                  8d                                                        HP LaserJet Series II (Additional)   HLSEIIDU.PRS ] 	[ 
    P fQ     0Z
P 2           	    	           "  m^,8<X,DDX,8,0XXXXXXXXXX00TptxthDXpl|dlt|ltL,LX,X\L\P8Td08\0dX\\LL<dPtTPLXXXX XX  XX             X `  pXpXpXpXpX|xLtPtPtPtPD0D0D0D0dXXXXddddlPpX\XXlP Xl\pXpXpXxLxLxLxL\tPtPtPtPTTTTTTddD D D0D   X \p0p0p0p0p0ddddXX  |L|L|LdLdLdLdLl<l<l<ddddddtlPtLtLtL  \p0d|LdLl<lPlP\Xd  dh XX8T\\XX XD@X    h^                                  8d                                                         "  m^,4<X|,DDX(8,0XXXXXXXXXX00Pxt|xh@@xtht`ptthxL4HX,\XL\L4L\,,X,\\XX8D0`PtHHDXXXX XX  XX             X `  x\x\x\x\x\|LxLxLxLxL@,@,@,@,\\\\\````hHx\\\\hH \hXx\x\x\|L|L|L|L\xLxLxLxLLLLLLL\\@ @ @,@   @ xXt,t,t,t,t,\\\\\\  t8t8t8`D`D`D`Dp0p0p0``````thHxDxDxD  \t,\t8`Dp0hHhH\\`  dh XX4PHHXX XDDX    h^                                  8d                                                        "  ^ D X X     D d d   @ X @ H           H H             ` t                X H X  D   t   T   H H  H      d d X  |  t x t                                                               t         ` H ` H ` H ` H                    x          x             t  t  t  t                           `   `   ` H `       t      H  H  H  H  H                  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  X  X  X               x  t  t  t        H    d  d  X  x  x                   X         d l              ^                                                                       X                                                                                                                    2               ,  q   "  m^4HHl̰4TTl4H4<llllllllll<<lԤP`̤xԨH<Hl4lt`xlHhx<<p<xtxxTTHxd```llll ll  ll             l t  lllll䨘`llllP<P<P<P<xttttxxxx`lxtt` xxlll````xllllhhhhhhxxP P P<P   ` p<<<<<xxxxtt  TTTxTxTxTxTHHHxxxxxxԔ````  x<xTxTH``xtx    llHlllll lPXl    ^                                  Hx                                                         "  m^4@Hl̜8TTl0H4<llllllllll<8dԔPTxX<Xl8lp`p\<\t88l8tpplHP<t`XXXllll ll  ll             l p  lllllИ`\\\\P8P8P8P8tppppttttXlpppX tllll````p\\\\\\\\\\ttP P P8P   T l88888ttttpp  HHHxPxPxPxP<<<ttttttXXXX  p8tHxP<XXppt    ll@dXXll lTTl    ^                                  Hx                                                         "  m^ ((`@th 00@h (  @@@@@@@@@@$$hhh<|`TXdXLdh,8\Pt`dLd`DPh`|``X( (|@ <D8H<(<D$$@$dDDHH00(D8T488@@@h@ @@  @@             @ H  `<`<`<`<`<`X8X<X<X<X<,$,$,$,$`DdDdDdDdDhDhDhDhD`8`<dHdDdD`8 DLH`<`<`<X8X8X8X8dHX<X<X<X<d<d<d<d<d<d<hDhD, , ,$,   8 \@P$P$P$P$P$`D`D`D`DdDdD  `0`0`0D0D0D0D0P(P(P(hDhDhDhDhDhD|T`8X8X8X8  dHP$`D`0D0P(`8`8dHdDhD   H @@(<@@@@ @,4dd@    Ld^hh                                  (D                                                        \ "  m^$(0lHd$88Ht 0$(HHHHHHHHHH($ttt@d\dh`Xpl48`\|hlTl\LXh\|`T`<(<H$HH@L<(<L$$H$tLLHH04(L@`<88HHHtH HH  HH    H    H   H L  dHdHdHdHdHhd@`<`<`<`<4$4$4$4$hLlLlLlLlLhLhLhLhLT8dHhLlLlLT8HLTHdHdHdHd@d@d@d@hL`<`<`<`<p<p<p<p<p<p<lLlL4 4 4$4   8 `H\$\$\$HH\$hLhLhLhLlLlL  \0\0\0L4L4L4L4X(X(X(hLhLhLhLhLhL|`T8`8`8`8  hL\$hL\0L4X(T8T8hLlLhLNH HT HH(@<<HHHH88ppHH HHTpH          H       H H             H                HmttHH    HH  HHHHH  HHHHHHHHHHHH     0P H         H                                            h              H 2 W   \    ,  +     R   c  J  } 2 ] : , ,    ] 	[ 
    P fQ  
Pd~ 1 \ : , , -  N,\ ~>	    p fQ  
\ 0 Y : , , Y  Y 	`>	    xi fQ  
XL K  Y D ,    	[ 
    P fQ   P = s H 4 ,   qs 	[ 
    P fQ  P ; n H 4 ,   }1qn 	`>	    xi fQ  XZ # C *   ,  /%iC 	[ 
    P fQ  wPTg ' H / $ , 2 ԙH 	`>	    xi fQ  Xf ( K / $ , _ WK 	[ 
    P fQ  P   
+ 	    "  m^$,0lHt$88Ht$0$$HHHHHHHHHH((tttDl`dpdXtt0<h\ltTtlL\tllld0$0H$DL<LD,DL$$H$tLLLL840L@`<@<HHHtH HH  HH    H    H   H L  lDlDlDlDlDld<dDdDdDdD0$0$0$0$lLtLtLtLtLtLtLtLtLl@lDpLtLtLl@HLTLlDlDlDd<d<d<d<pLdDdDdDdDtDtDtDtDtDtDtLtL0 0 0$0   < hH\$\$\$HH\$lLlLlLlLtLtL  l8l8l8L4L4L4L4\0\0\0tLtLtLtLtLtL`l@d<d<d<  pL\$lLl8L4\0l@l@pLtLtLNH HT HH,DHHHHHH48ppHH HHTpH          H       H H             H                HmttHH    HH  HHHHH  HHHHHHHHHHHH     0P H         H                                            h              H 2                                            3'                                          3'Standard                                  6&                                          6& Standard     rJet Series II ( ,] ܰ                                          #  XP \	    P 6Q XP#  USUK 




Restricted distribution`"~ MARINF/100
`"t Paris, December 1995
`"w Original: Spanish






Xa: UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC

aA AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION





I	a0 Marine Sciences Training and Education Programme (TREDMAR)





  ~ R  
a7 APPLICATIONS OF MARINE AND COASTAL IMAGE DATAă
   R  a7 from Satellite, Airborne and Insitu Sensorsă



n
a; Fifth Computerbased Learning Module



aI edited by




a; J.Morales, I.S.Robinson, F.Rodr1guez,
a> J.L. Santos and D.A. Blackburn
DaM  


   $         p-p-p-                p-p-p-  

   l     7 z #   	[ 
    P fQ   P# Applications of Marine and Coastal Image Data
   ^   7 U # qs 	[ 
    P fQ  P# from Satellite, Airborne and Insitu Sensors
 M a 
 M a 
 ;  Fifth Computerbased Learning Module
 M a 
 M a 
 M a 
  } S 	  - 	 # ] 	[ 
    P fQ   
P# Lessons by: G.C.Sessegolo1, B.G;mez Lorenzo, J.E.Lins Oliveira,           
 9 q M.F.Donoso de Vasquez, H.Hernndez Nu9ez
  } S D  D 2 H.Hernndez Nu9ez2
  } S   ; 
 Z.B.Salinas3, F.T.Mart1n, A.B.Morgado
  } S   H  RaCl Reta4
  } S 
  @  C.Santisb;n Montes de Oca5
  } S   7 * A.GonzlezMu9oz, J. P)rezMarreno, O.Llins6
  } S T  6  J.H P)rezMarreno, A.GonzlezMu9oz, O.Llins6
  } S $  < 
 D.V.Pal Pernia7, M.D.G;mez Toscano
  } S   >  R.Varela Allegue8, J.C.Camacho
 M a 
  } S   8 < BILKO Software by: R.Callison and M.Dobson9
 M a 
  } S 4  ( ! Introduction and Tutorial by: R. Callison, D. Blackburn13 and A. Edwards10
 M a 
  } S   *  Edited by: J.Morales11, F.Rodr1guez11, I.S.Robinson12 and D. Blackburn
 M a 
  } S t  , Y	 Editorial Assistance: R.Aguirre12, D.Ballesteros12 and M. Tenorio12
 M a 
  } S   ; 
 English Translation by: J.L.Santos 14
 M a 
  } S   4 8 Project Management by: D.Troost15 and C.Blackburn15
 M a      


      y    b "                    d       d d                                                                         y 


  f I  #  K 	[ 
    P fQ  WP# 1) Instituto Gaia do Brasil, Brasil.
2) Centro de Investigaci;n y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico
3) Dept. Geof1sica. Fac. Cs. F1s. y Mat. Universidad de Chile, Chile
4) Dept. Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional Mar del Plata, Argentina
5) Programa EPOMEX, Universidad Aut;noma de Campeche, Mexico
6) Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), Spain
7) Instituto de Ingenier1a, Venezuela
8) Fundaci;n La Salle, EDIMAR, Venezuela
9) Pharos Scientific Ltd., U.K.
10) Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of Newcastle, U.K.
11) Fundaci;n "Centro de Estudios Marinos", Spain
12) Dept. of Oceanography, University of Southampton, U.K.
13) Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, France
14) Fac. Ing. Mar1tima y Ciencias del Mar. Escuela Superior Polit)cnica del Litoral. Guayaquil, Ecuador.
15) TREDMAR Programme, UNESCO, France

N.B. Full addresses, including coauthors, are given at the end of each lesson.   *         p-p-p-  # XP \	    P 6Q XP# 





The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Unesco Secretariat concerning the legal
status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries.  The ideas and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of Unesco.























Published in 1995
by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization,
7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07SP
Printed in Unesco's workshops


 UNESCO 1994
Printed in France

This text and accompanying disks may
be copied for noncommercial,
educational purposes only.
The BILKO software may be used 
for the creation of lessons or other products
intended for publication in the Marinf series;
for use in other products, consult UNESCOTREDMAR.   (         p-p-p-     
  ~ S 8 
     
 aI Contentsă


IntroductionpF!"   1

Section 1: `	`	% Introductory Tutorial: the BILKO 1.3 Image Processing Software"`	pF!"   7

Section 2: `	`	% Practical Lessons Using Marine and Coastal Image Data"`	
 X 1: Identification and differentiation of coastal ecosystems"p "   29
 X 2: Principal characteristics of the area around the Lagartos River, Yucatan, M)xico"p "   35
 X 3: Evolution of a coastal upwelling event at 30$S"p "   45
X  X`	`	%  4: Observation and analysis of a red tide event from NOAA/AVHRR images in the
Argentinean Seaƺ`	p "   55
X  X`	`	%  5: Research on physiographic phenomena influenced by marine  currents in the
Terminos Lagoonƺ`	p "   63
X  X`	`	%  6: Thermal structures associated with the superficial, general circulation observed
between Cape Verde and Freetown (NorthWest Africa)ƺ`	p "   69
X  X`	`	%  7: Monitoring the coastal upwelling NW of Africa with AVHRRAPT imagesƺ`	p "   79
X  X`	`	%  8: Study of the distribution of suspended solids in the western coast of Maracaibo
Lake (Venezuela), using Landsat dataƺ`	p "   87
X  X`	`	%  9: Identification of physical processes favouring the development of phytoplankton,
based on the colour characteristics of the seaƺ`	p "   93

Appendices
X A:  Contents of the floppy disksƺp "   101
 X B:  Contents of first module (MARINF/70), second module (MARINF/81), third "
 X  X`	`	% module (MARINF/83) and fourth module (MARINF/100)"`	p "   105
 X C:  Reply sheet"p "   109
   Y#         p-p-p-     





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    T  g H    #  H 	`>	    xi fQ  ԩX# Marine and Coastal Image Data Module 5

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    P fQ   P# INTRODUCTION# XP \	    P 6Q XP# у




This is the fifth computerbased learning module prepared in UNESCO's Marine Science Training
and Education Programme (TREDMAR). Like its predecessors, it contains lessons based on the
display of data in image form and it demonstrates the interpretation of these images using display
software known as BILKO. This module is the outcome of a workshop held in Lepe, Spain in
September 1992, and was first published in Spanish. The geographic locations of the lessons are
shown on the map following this introduction.

  ~ S 
 Getting started: This booklet is used with BILKO and lesson software which is provided on six 3 1/2",
1.4 Mb floppy disks and is designed for use on personal computers which operate with MSDOS and
are fitted with a colour monitor and graphics adapter, preferably to VGA standard but at least to
EGA standard. The minimum RAM required to run the lessons is 512 kb. There have been no
further developments of the image processing software since the issue of Module 3, so disk 1 contains
BILKO version 1.3. Full details of the software, the programme commands and their use are given
in the introductory tutorial, Section 1. The full contents of the disks are listed in Appendix A.

Additional copies of the MARINF/100 text are available on request, by marking the last item of the
reply sheet which accompanies this booklet. If you need multiple copies of the lesson texts, you can
print them from disk in Word Perfect 5.1 format. ( See disks 1 and 6.)

  ~ S  Use of the module: Just one condition and one request are attached to the copying and distribution
  ~ S  of the material in this module. The condition is that the material may not be sold. The request is that
if you make use of this module, either the original or a copy, you fill in the reply sheet and return
it to UNESCO, Paris, at the address indicated. The return of reply sheets helps us to assess whether
our modules are reaching the community for which they are intended, and so serves as a guide in
preparing new lesson material for future modules. A reply sheet is attached to the letter
accompanying this module and it is reproduced on page 101. If you are working directly from copied
disks, you will find it on disk 6, where it is listed as Appendix C.

  ~ S / Perspective: It is now ten years since the first memoranda on what has become the TREDMAR
module project were circulated. For those of us who have been involved with the project since its
inception, it was a pleasure to experience the warm reception accorded the first module and a relief
to see the steady growth of the small community of interested teachers and researchers as subsequent
modules were published. We now have lessons from all five continents and the present module will
be sent to not less than four hundred institutions worldwide. A small queue of lessons ensures the
publication of further modules.           p-**  
With the increasing number of lessons has come an increase in the community which surrounds this
TREDMAR activity. The first module was written by the founding group and distributed to colleagues
known at UNESCO to be interested in the teaching of marine sciences. Recipients were asked to
make copies freely available to colleagues and students, and to consider writing a lesson for
publication in a future module. The number, quality and variety of the lessons received are evidence
that the recipients are not content merely to use the materials provided, but do indeed think it worth
while to contribute to this exercise in improving the quality of teaching.

Since its earliest days, the prime objective of this project has been, by example, to promote excellence
in teaching. This is a demanding task, but the reports on existing modules are good. We are aware,
however, of two shortcomings relative to the original goals: lessons, while extensively reviewed and
edited, have not usually been subjected to the extensive student testing that is normally a prominent
feature in the development of computer-based lessons, and the range of topics covered remains
narrower than it need be given the power of the existing software.

  ~ S  
 Development: Two initiatives now in hand will extend the concepts developed in the TREDMAR
series. One will place a stronger emphasis on lessons covering coastal topics. The other is the
production of a new Windowscompatible version of BILKO.

Existing modules concentrate on the marine sciences, an historical coincidence that derives from the
skills and enthusiasms of those who first set up the project, the constraints under which the original
BILKO software was written and the budgetary imperatives of the day. It is now time to extend the
reach of the project to adjacent topics. For this, it would be helpful to have the views of experts in
other fields. Of particular interest would be assessments of the kind of lesson that could be written
with the existing software and the degree to which possibilities would be opened up by the provision
of additional features. An effective way to do this would be for those who use the existing lessons to
bring in friends and colleagues who work in adjacent disciplines and represent a good source for such
advice.

The Windows-based version of BILKO will simplify the annotation of disk-based lessons with
questions and modified text. Students will be able to call up additional commentaries, definitions,
questions to verify understanding of particular points...and so on. A re-issue of earlier modules, using
this format, is now planned. With the collaboration of the original authors this will, we hope,
incorporate many of the suggestions for improvement of lessons and the extension of software made
in the feedback reports received so far. In the Windows format, teachers will be able to modify
lessons for their own purposes and to make these modifications available to others.

  ~ S  You too can contribute: One purpose in writing this introduction is to ask your help. The project is
open to development along three broad lines which may be described as relating to access, excellence
and community. All are asked to take part in this development, but key contributions will come from
those who teach their students using the lessons and offer their experience for the benefit of others.

The writing of BILKO for Windows is an important development. We know that their experience in
the classroom has led many teachers to add their own questions and refinements to the published
lessons. Our objective is to enrich these lessons by pooling the knowledge which already exists in the
network of BILKO users. For this, we'd like questions, descriptions of student projects, alternative
images and alternative presentations. Please do not hesitate to send exercises, modifications or
additional explanations which have worked well with your students. It is a simple matter to link
optional text to the main lessons of the Windows presentation, and we hope to add some hundreds   '        p-))  of exercises to the published versions of existing modules.

All types of lessons are welcomed, provided they are based on data which makes use of the BILKO
software. If you would like to contribute a lesson, note that Section 3 of Module 2 contains a "Lesson
for Lesson Creators" which provides guidance on the preparation of images and texts. As with most
scientific educational literature, contributed lessons are subject to editorial review before publication.
To find out more, a useful first step is to fill in the questionnaire at the end of this module. If you
would like to discuss the matter informally, do not hesitate to contact any member of the
development team.

  ~ S   Other modules: If you find this module interesting and would like to see copies of others in the
series, write to UNESCO, Paris at the address given on page 102. The first volume in the series,
"Some Marine Applications of Satellite and Airborne Remote Sensing", was issued as MARINF/70
in July 1989, the second, "Applications of Marine Image Data", in February 1991 as MARINF/81, and
   S a the third, "Applications of Marine and Coastal Image Data from Satellite, Airborne and InSitu
Sensors" in February 1992 as MARINF/83. The contents tables of these earlier modules are
reproduced in Appendix B.


 `	`	% . 8 David BlackburnT pp] Jesus Morales
 `	`	% . 8 Richard CallisonT pp] Ian Robinson
 `	`	% . 8 Malcolm DobsonT pp] Dirk Troost.