Claudia Schmid, PhD

NOAA/AOML/PHOD

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami, FL 33149, USA
Phone: (305) 361-4313

claudia.schmid@noaa.gov

Research Focus

Ocean heat storage and atmosphere ocean interactions.
Ocean circulation and water masses.
Analysis of Lagrangian and Hydrographic observations.
Analysis of model results.
Ocean observing systems.

Ongoing Projects

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Publications

Refereed Articles

Peter Brandt, Verena Hormann, Arne Körtzinger, Martin Visbeck, Gerd Krahmann, Lothar Stramma, Rick Lumpkin and Claudia Schmid (2010): Changes in the ventilation of the oxygen minimum zone of the tropical North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40(8), 1784-1801.

Pouliquen, S. C. Schmid, A. Wong, S. Guinehut, M. Belbeoch, and Argo Data Management Team (2009): Argo Data Management. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. and Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Testor, Pierre, Gary Meyers, Chari Pattiaratchi , Ralf Bachmayer, Dan Hayes, Sylvie Pouliquen, Loic Petit de la Villeon, Thierry Carval, Alexandre Ganachaud, Lionel Gourdeau, Laurent Mortier, Hervé Claustre, Vincent Taillandier, Pascale Lherminier, Thierry Terre, Martin Visbeck, Johannes Karstensen, Gerd Krahmann, Alberto Alvarez, Michel Rixen, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Svein Osterhus, Joaquin Tintore, Simon Ruiz, Bartolomeo Garau, David Smeed, Gwyn Griffiths, Lucas Merckelbach, Toby Sherwin, Claudia Schmid, John A. Barth, Oscar Schofield, Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, Mary Jane Perry, Charlie Eriksen, Uwe Send, Russ Davis, Daniel Rudnick, Jeff Sherman, Clayton Jones, Douglas Webb, Craig Lee and Breck Owens (2009); Gliders as a component of future observing systems. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. and Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Schmid, C. and S.L. Garzoli (2009): Spreading and Variability of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Atlantic. Journal of Marine Research, 67(6), 815-843.

Johnson, Gregory C. , J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, C. Schmid, and G. J. Goni (2009): Ocean Heat Content. in: State of the Climate in 2008, Global Oceans, Peterson, T. C., and M. O. Baringer, Eds., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90, S49-S52 (S1-S196).

Roemmich, D., G. C. Johnson, S. Riser, R. Davis, J. Gilson, W. B. Owens, S. Garzoli, C. Schmid, M. Ignaszewski (2009): The Argo Program: Observing the Global Oceans with Profiling Floats. NOPP Special Issue of Oceanography, 22(2), 34-43.

Schmid, C., R. L. Molinari, R. Sabina, Y.-H. Daneshzadeh, X. Xia, E. Forteza and H. Yang (2007): The Real-Time Data Management System for Argo Profiling Float Observations, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 24(9), 1608-1628

Schmid, C. (2005): Impact of combining temperature profiles from different instruments on an analysis of mixed layer properties, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22 (10), 1571-1587

Schmid, C., B. Bourlés and Y. Gouriou (2005): Impact of the deep equatorial jets on the zonal transport in the Atlantic, Deep-Sea Research II, 52 (3-4), 409-428

Schmid, C., Z. D. Garraffo, E. Johns, and S. L. Garzoli (2003): Pathways and Variability at intermediate depths in the tropical Atlantic. ed. by G. J. Goni and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 68, 233-268

Boebel, O., J. R. E. Lutjeharms, C. Schmid, W. Zenk, T. Rossby, and C. Barron (2003): The Cape Cauldron: A regime of turbulent interocean exchange. Deep-Sea Research II, 50(1), 57-86

Schmid, C., O. Boebel, W. Zenk, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, S. L. Garzoli, P. L. Richardson, and C. Barron (2003): Early evolution of an Agulhas Ring. Deep-Sea Research II, 50(1), 141-166

Schmid, C., R. L. Molinari and S. L. Garzoli (2001): New observations of the intermediate depth circulation in the tropical Atlantic. Journal of Marine Research, 59(3), 281-312

Schmid, C., G.W. Siedler, and W. Zenk, 2000: Dynamics of Intermediate Water Circulation in the Subtropical South Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30(12), 3191-3211

Boebel, O., C. Schmid, G. Podestá and W. Zenk (1999): Intermediate Water in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone: A Lagrangian View. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104 (C9), 21063-21082

Boebel, O., R.E. Davis, M. Ollitrault, R.G. Peterson, P.L. Richardson, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1999): The intermediate depth circulation of the Western South Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 26 (21), 3329 - 3332

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1999): Kinematic elements of Antarctic Intermediate Water Spreading in the western South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research II, 46, 355-392

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1997): Flow and recirculation of Antarctic Intermediate Water across the Rio Grande Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 (C9), 20967-20986

Schmid, C., H. Schäfer, G. Podestá and W. Zenk (1995): The Vitória eddy and its relation to the Brazil Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(11), 2532-2546

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Reports, Newsletters and extended Abstracts

Schmid, C. (2009): National workshop on data analysis in Lagos, Nigeria. Argonautics, 11:7

Bourles, B., P. Brandt, G. Caniaux, M. Dengler, Y. Gouriou, E. Key, R. Lumpkin, F. Marin, R.L. Molinari, and C. Schmid (2007): African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA): Special measurements in the tropical Atlantic. CLIVAR Exchanges, 12(2), p. 7-9.

Goni, G, M. Baringer, S. L. Garzoli, R. L. Molinari, R. Lumpkin, C. Schmid, Cook, S. (2004): Sustained Observations in the Atlantic Ocean carried out by NOAA/AOML. EGS, Nice, France, 25 - 30 April 2004, Geophisycal Research Abstracts, 6, 04575

Schmid, C. and R. L. Molinari (2001): Cruise Report: Subtropical Cells 1. R/V Oceanus Cruise No. OC 365-4 March 5 - 25, 2001

Schmid, C., R. L. Molinari and S. L. Garzoli (2000): Cruise Report: Tropical Atlantic PALACE deployment cruise, R/V Seward Johnson Cruise No. 2000-01, January 10 - 26, 2000

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and M. Jochum (1998): Physical Oceanography. in: Berichte zur Polarforschung (Reports on Polar Research), 259, Die Expedition ANTARKTIS XIV/4 mit FS ,,Polarstern`` 1997 (The Expedition ANTARKTIS XIV/4 of RV ''Polarstern'' in 1997). ed. by F. Riemann, 6-20

Zenk, W., C. Schmid and O. Boebel (1998): WOCE floats in the South Atlantic. International WOCE Newsletter, 30 (March 1998), 39-42

Boebel, O., C. Duncombe Rae, S. Garzoli, J. Lutjeharms, P. Richardson, T. Rossby, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1998): Float Experiment Studies Interocean Exchanges at the Tip of Africa. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 79 (1), 1 and 7-8

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and M. Jochum (1997): Deployment of RAFOS floats in the Cape Basin. International WOCE Newsletter, 28 (October 1997), 30-33

Zenk, W. and C. Schmid (1997): Lagrangesche Strömungsmessungen im Südatlantik. in: WOCE Zwischenbericht für das Jahr 1996, Koordination: Dr. E. Augstein, 43-55

Beining, P., J. Reppin, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1997): Oberflächendatensatz. in: BERICHTE aus dem INSTITUT FÜR MEERESKUNDE an der CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITÄT KIEL, 288, Untersuchungen zu den tiefen Wassermassen und planktologischen Beobachtungen im tropischen Westpazifik während der SONNE-Fahrt Nr. 133 (TROPAC). ed. by G. Siedler and W. Zenk, 13

Zenk, W., O. Boebel and C. Schmid (1995): Deep Basin Experiment: Meteor Float Missions in the Southern Brazil basin Successfully Completed. International WOCE Newsletter, 21 (December 1995), 22-24

Boebel, O., M. Menzel, C. Schmid and A. Pinck (1995): RAFOS floats in the South Atlantic. in: Berichte zur Polarforschung (Reports on Polar Research), 168, Die Expedition ANTARKTIS XII mit FS ,,Polarstern`` 994/95, Bericht von den Fahrtabschnitten ANT XII/1 und 2. (The Expedition ANTARKTIS XII of RV ''Polarstern'' in 1994/95, Reports of legs ANT XII/1 and 2.). ed. by G. Kattner and D. K. Fütterer, 6-11

Schultz Tokos, K., C. Schmid, O. Boebel and W. Zenk (1995): Observations réalisées avec des flotteurs RAFOS à l'Institute océanographique de Kiel. (Institut für Meereskunde Kiel RAFOS float observations.) ARGOS Newsletter, 49 (May 1995), 13-15

Boebel, O. and C. Schmid (1995): RAFOS Floats in the Antarctic Intermediate Water of the South Atlantic. International WOCE Newsletter, 18 (March 1995), 26-28

Müller, T. J., J. Pätzold, G. Siedler, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1995): Water Exchange through Hunter Channel. in: METEOR-BERICHTE, 95-1, WOCE Studies in the South Atlantic, Cruise No. 28, 29 March - 14 June 1994 ed. by W. Zenk and T.J. Müller, 51-91

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1995): Water Mass Distribution in the Subtropical South Atlantic. in: METEOR-BERICHTE, 95-1, WOCE Studies in the South Atlantic, Cruise No. 28, 29 March - 14 June 1994, ed. by W. Zenk and T.J. Müller, 44-50

Zenk, W., C. Schmid, O. Boebel and K. Schultz Tokos (1994): Technical Aspects of RAFOS Floats at Kiel. RAFOS Float Technology Workshop Proceedings, compiled by A. Bower, 9-21

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Oral Presentations

Schmid, C. (2010): Analysis of the variability of the Salinity in the eastern tropical Atlantic. TACE/PIRATA meeting, March 2-5, 2010, Miami, FL

Schmid, C., R. Lumpkin, X. Xia (2007): Analysis of the annual cycle of the oceanic heat budget of the mixed layer in the Atlantic using different surface flux products. 24th Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) July 3-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy. (Session PS010 New Insights into the Ocean and Its Circulation from Argo and GODAE, July 10-11, 2007)

Schmid, C., S.L. Garzoli, E. Forteza (2007): Spreading of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Atlantic derived from Argo and other observations. 24th Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) July 3-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy. (Session PS010 New Insights into the Ocean and Its Circulation from Argo and GODAE, July 10-11, 2007)

Schmid, C. (2006): On the time-variant heat budget in the tropical Atlantic; estimation of vertical heat transport included. 10 August 2006

Schmid, C. (2005): Preliminary estimates of the time-variant heat budget in the Tropical Atlantic. 18 August 2005

Schmid, C. (2004): Deriving a heat budget for the tropical Atlantic. Informal Research Report at AOML, 11.May 2004

Schmid, C. (2003): On the characteristics and the variability of the equatorial deep jets. Informal Research Report at AOML, 6.May 2003

Schmid, C., E. Johns, R. L. Molinari and S. L. Garzoli (2002): Mean and variability of the flow from quasi-Lagrangian floats. Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics (LAPCOD), 15. December 2002, Key Largo, Florida

Schmid, C. (2002): On the variability of the intermediate depth flow in the tropical Atlantic. Informal Research Report at AOML, 18.June 2002

Schmid, C., O. Boebel, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, S.L. Garzoli, P.L. Richardson, C. Barron and W. Zenk (2001): Early evolution of an Agulhas Ring. International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Mar del Plata, 22. - 26.~Oktober~2001.

Schmid, C., R.~L.~Molinari und S.~L.~Garzoli (2001): On the temporal variability of the intermediate depth flow in the tropical Atlantic. International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Mar del Plata, 22. - 26.~Oktober~2001.

Schmid, C. (2001): Early evolution of an Agulhas Ring. Informal Research Report at AOML, 27.February 2001

Schmid, C. (2000): Dynamics of Intermediate Water Circulation in the Subtropical South Atlantic. IfM Kiel, Germany, 19. September 2000

Schmid, C. (2000): Results from the analysis of PALACE data: Tropical Atlantic Circulation and temperatures. Informal Research Report at AOML, 19.April 2000

Schmid, C. (1999): Dynamics of Intermediate Water Circulation in the Subtropical South Atlantic. Deep Basin Experiment Meeting, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 15. November 1999

Schmid, C. (1999): On the circulation in the tropical Atlantic. 1999 Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. 2. June 1999. Abstract in: EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 80 (17), supplement, 179

Schmid, C. (1999): Dynamics of Intermediate Water Circulation in the Subtropical South Atlantic. AOML, NOAA, Miami, FL, USA, 25. May 1999

Schmid, C., O. Boebel and W. Zenk (1999): First Results from KAPEX: The South Atlantic Current Component. International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, Belgium, 4. May 1999

Ollitrault, M., O. Boebel, P. Richardson, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1998): The AAIW general circulation in the Brazil basin and equatorial Atlantic. XXIII General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, 20-24 April 1998

Zenk, W., O. Boebel and C. Schmid (1996): Towards a subsurface circulation pattern of the South Atlantic inferred from deep floats. Den Haag, XXI General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society May 6.-10. 1996. Abstract in: Annales Geophysicae Suppl. II to Volume 14, Part II (Hydrology, Oceans, Atmosphere & Nonlinear Geophysics), 405

Schmid, C. (1995): On the circulation of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic. University Grenoble 12. September 1995

Schmid, C., H. Schäfer, G. Podestá and W. Zenk (1994): The Vitória eddy and its relation to the Brazil Current. Symposium in Bremen 15-19 August 1994: The South Atlantic: Present and past circulation. Abstract in: Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, 52, 132

Schmid, C. (1994): Eastern Atlantic RAFOS Float work from Kiel. RAFOS Float Technology Workshop 13-14 January 1994 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Schmid, C. (1993): The translation and stability of eddies in the presence of largescale currents. Wiesbaden, XVIII General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society May 3.-7. 1993 (3.5.1993) Abstract in: Annales Geophysicae Suppl. II to Volume 11, Part II (Oceans, Atmosphere, Hydrology & Nonlinear Geophysics), 152

Schmid, C. (1992): Zwischen- und Tiefenwasser im Südatlantik. Seminar about the South Atlantic, Institut für Meereskunde Kiel 1992

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Poster Presentations

Peter Brandt, Verena Hormann, Arne Körtzinger, Martin Visbeck, Gerd Krahmann, Lothar Stramma, Rick Lumpkin and Claudia Schmid (2010): Changes in the ventilation of the oxygen minimum zone of the tropical North Atlantic. Ocean Sciences Meeting, 22-26 February 2010, Portland, Oregon

Goni, G., P. DiNezio and C. Schmid (2007): Evaluation of the Ocean Observing System for Ocean Heat Storage Studies. Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting in Hobart, Australia March 12 - 15, 2007

Schmid, C., G. Goni and R. Lumpkin (2006): Preliminary estimates of the time-variant heat budget in the Tropical Atlantic. 15 years of progress in Radar altimetry Symposium and the Argo science workshop in Venice (March 13-18, 2006). NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop May 10-12, 2006

Goni, G. and C. Schmid (2006): How altimetry can complement in situ observations in the estimation of the upper ocean heat storage. 15 years of progress in Radar altimetry Symposium and the Argo science workshop in Venice (March 13-18, 2006). NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop May 10-12, 2006

Schmid, C. (2005): Variability of the heat storage rate in the Tropical Atlantic, NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop, 25-27 April 2005.\\

Schmid, C. (2004): A comparison of temperature profiles from profiling floats and XBTs, NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop, 13-15 April 2004.

Schmid, C., S. L. Garzoli, R. Lumpkin, and Q. Yao (2004): New estimates of the heat budget in the Tropical Atlantic, first results, NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop, 13-15 April 2004.

Schmid, C., R. Sabina, Y-H. C. Daneshzadeh, E. Forteza and X. Xia (2004): US ARGO Data Assembly Center, NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Annual System Review workshop, 13-15 April 2004.

Schmid, C. (2004): A comparison of temperature profiles from profiling floats and XBTs, First Argo Science Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, 12-14 November 2003.

Schmid, C., S. L. Garzoli, R. Lumpkin, and Q. Yao (2003): New estimates of the heat budget in the Tropical Atlantic, first results, First Argo Science Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, 12-14 November 2003.

Molinari, R. L., S. L. Garzoli, C. Schmid, R. Sabina, Y-H. C. Daneshzadeh, D. Bitterman, E. Forteza and Xiangdong Xia (2003): US ARGO Data Assembly Center, CIMAS review, 20-21 February 2003

R. L. Molinari, S. L. Garzoli, C. Schmid, R. Sabina, Y-H. C. Daneshzadeh and D. Bitterman, E. Forteza and X. Xia (2003): US ARGO Data Assembly Center. CIMAS review, 20-21 February 2003.

Schmid, C., R. L. Molinari and S. L. Garzoli (2003): On the variability of the intermediate depth flow in the tropical Atlantic. CIMAS review, 20-21 February 2003.

Schmid, C., R. L. Molinari and S. L. Garzoli (2001): On the temporal variability of the intermediate depth flow in the tropical Atlantic. CLIVAR, Paris, 3.-7.~September~2001. International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Mar del Plata, 22. - 26.~Oktober~2001.

Goni, G., M. Baringer, R.~L.~Molinari, C. Schmid, S.~L.~Garzoli, D. Snowden, J. Trinanes and C. Lentini (2001): Implementation of High Density XBT Line AX8. CLIVAR, Paris, 3.-7.~September~2001.

Schmid, C., S. Garzoli and B. Molinari (2000): The Intermediate Depth Circulation in the Tropical Atlantic. AOML review Feb 23/24 2000

Zenk, W., C. Schmid and O. Boebel (1999): Lagrangesche Strömungsmessungen im Südatlantik. WOCE Tagung am AWI in Bremerhaven, 28. April 1999

Schmid, C. (1997): On the dynamics of the Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation in the subtropical South Atlantic. South Atlantic Workshop, Brest, France, 16-20 June, 1997. Abstract in: World Ocean Circulation Experiment, South Atlantic Workshop, Brest, France 16-20 June, 1997

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1997): The spreading of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the western South Atlantic: A Lagrangian view of advection and diffusion. South Atlantic Workshop, Brest, France, 16-20 June, 1997. Abstract in: World Ocean Circulation Experiment, South Atlantic Workshop, Brest, France 16-20 June, 1997, Poster 36

Schmid, C., O. Boebel and W. Zenk (1996): The Antarctic Intermediate Water in the western subtropical South Atlantic. Den Haag, XXI General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society May 6.-10. 1996. Abstract in: Annales Geophysicae Suppl. II to Volume 14, Part II (Hydrology, Oceans, Atmosphere & Nonlinear Geophysics), 405

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1995): On the flow of Antarctic Intermediate Water across Rio Grande Rise. International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics General Assembly Honolulu, Hawaii, 5. - 12. August 1995. Abstract in: IAPSO Proceedings, 19, Proceedings XXI General Assembly, 112

Schmid, C., H. Schäfer, G. Podestá and W. Zenk (1995): The Vitória eddy and its relation to the Brazil Current. Symposium, The South Atlantic: Present and past circulation, Bremen, August 15.-19. 1994. Abstract in: Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, 25, 132

Boebel, O., C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1994): Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic. Symposium, The South Atlantic: Present and past circulation, Bremen, August 15.-19. 1994. Abstract in: Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, 25, 26

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PhOD

Claudia Schmid