Development and use of traditional and molecular-based assays and sensors, to improve the environmental monitoring for microbial contaminants. Research activities include:

• Beach Pathogen Assessment.  Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in coastal waters and recreational beach sand using culture techniques, immunoassays, and molecular methods.

Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections are on the rise. Since 2007, NOAA scientists have collaborated with the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) to determine the amount of S. aureau and MRSA in the water and sand of several SoCal beaches. These data are part of a University of California Berkeley epidemiology study to determine the health risk from beach exposure to aid the formulation of pending water quality standards.

• Marine Mammal Assessments.  Investigation of bacterial pathogens from remote biopsies taken from free-living marine mammals and from stranded marine mammals.

Marine mammals are exposed to chemical and microbiological contaminants present in fish and delivered to the sea from land and air. Marine mammal health reflects the state of our oceans and is sentinel for human exposure. Traditional health assessment studies utilize capture and release, but such studies are expensive and relatively few animals can be surveyed. Development of state-of-the-art analytical techniques is helping to make more economic and efficient sample collection possible. NOAA scientists (OAR and NMFS) from Seattle, Miami, and San Diego are collaborating to assess the loads of persistent chemicals, microbial pathogens, and reproductive status using a tiny sample of skin collected via dart from free-ranging dolphins. These data will be used to assess the impact of the environmental pollution and can aid the management of protected species and living marine resources.

• PCR, qPCR, and traditional assays (microscopy, plate counts, IDEXX) to support multiple projects. Analyses include the following targets:
      Fecal indicators: Enterococci, Escherichia coli., Bacteroides spp.
      Source tracking markers: Bacteroides human markers, enterococci human markers.
      Pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni,
      Vibrio.Salmonella spp.,adenovirus, Cryptosporidium/Giardia, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae,
      Harmful algae: Karenia brevis, K. mikimotoi.
  
• Development of electrochemical assays for monitoring microbial water quality and coordination with an engineering team to adapt assays to portable and automated biosensor formats.
• Development of Luminex xMAPTM assays for bacterial indicators of fecal pollution and source tracking markers in coastal waters and sand.
• Analyze methods of sample concentration and nucleic acid extraction, including methods to target multiple types of organisms (e.g., protists, bacteria, virus) in order to increase sensitivity of downstream molecular methods.

Microbial biogeochemistry:

Research to investigate the extent and mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) biodegradation in soils.

Publications:

Molecular detection of harmful algal blooms (HABs) using locked nucleic acids and bead array technology. M.R. Diaz, J.W. Jacobson, K.D. Goodwin, J.W. Fell, S.A. Dunbar. Submitted.

Performance of CHROMagar^TM Staph aureus and CHROMagar^TM MRSA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in beach water and sand - comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses. K.D. Goodwin and M. Pobuda. Water Research, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.025 (2009).

Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: a comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands. A.B. Boehm, J. Griffith, C. McGee, T.A. Edge, H.M. Solo-Gabriele, R. Whitman, Y. Tsao, M. Getrich, J.A. Jay, D. Ferguson, K.D. Goodwin, C.M. Lee, M. Madison, and S.B. Weisberg. Journal of Applied Microbiology (2009).

A preliminary investigation of fecal indicator bacteria, human pathogens, and source tracking markers in beach water and sand. K.D. Goodwin, L. Matragano, D. Wanless, C. Sinigalliano, M.J. LaGier. Environmental Research Journal, 2(4):395-417, pp. 255-277 (2009).

A glimpse of the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program. T. Carsey, K.D. Goodwin J. Hendee, J.R. Proni, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stewart, J-Z. Zhang, N. Amornthammarong, J. Craynock, S. Cummings, P. Dammann, C. Featherstone, J. Stamates, K. Sullivan. A Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008 (2009).

A preliminary investigation of fecal indicator bacteria, human pathogens, and source tracking markers in beach water and sand. K.D. Goodwin, L. Matragano, D. Wanless, C. Sinigalliano, M.J. LaGier. Environmental Research Journal, 2(4):395-417, pp. 255-277 (2009).

Emerging technologies for monitoring recreational waters for bacteria and viruses. K.D. Goodwin and R.W. Litaker. IN: Oceans and Human Health: Risk and Remedies from the Seas. P.J. Walsh, S.L. Smith, W.H. Gerwick, H. Solo-Gabriele, L. Fleming, eds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 381-404, ISBN-13: 978-0123725844 (2008).

The future for monitoring. C.J. Palmer, T.D. Bonilla, J.A. Bonilla, S. Elmir, K.D. Goodwin, H.M. Solo Gabriele, A. Abdelzaher. IN: Oceans and Human Health: Risk and Remedies from the Seas. P.J. Walsh, S.L. Smith, W.H. Gerwick, H. Solo-Gabriele, L. Fleming, eds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 405-429, ISBN-13: 978-0123725844 (2008).

The possibility of false negative results hampers the ability to elucidate the relationship between fecal indicator bacteria and human pathogens and source tracking markers in beach water and sand. K.D. Goodwin, L. Matragano, D. Wanless, C. Sinigalliano, M.J. LaGier. IN: Marine Pollution: New Research. T.N. Hofer, ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 255-277, IBSN-13: 978-1604562422 (2008).

Salt aerosol and bioaerosol production from a sea-salt aerosol generator. D. Voss, H. Maring, K.D. Goodwin. IN: Marine Pollution: New Research. T.N. Hofer, ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 399-429, IBSN-13: 978-1604562422 (2008).

Electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. M.J. LaGier, J.W. Fell, and K.D. Goodwin. Marine Pollution Bulletin, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.017, 54:757-770 (2007).

Luminex detection of fecal indicators in river samples, marine recreational water, and beach sand. I.B. Baums, K.D. Goodwin, T. Kiesling, D. Wanless, M. Diaz, and J.W. Fell. Marine Pollution Bulletin, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.018, 54:521-536 (2007).

Brevard County Near Shore Ocean Nutrification Analysis. T.P. Carsey, R. Ferry, K.D. Goodwin, P.B. Ortner, J. Proni, P.K. Swart, J.-Z. Zhang. NOAA Technical Memorandum, in press (2005).

Toluene inhibits methyl bromide biodegradation in seawater and isolation of a marine toluene-oxidizer that degrades methyl bromide. K.D. Goodwin, R. Tokarczyk, F.C. Stephens, and E.S. Saltzman, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(7): 3495-3503 (2005).

A DNA hybridization assay to identify toxic dinoflagellates in coastal waters: detection of Karenia Brevis in the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. K.D. Goodwin, S.A. Cotton, G. Scorzetti, and J.W. Fell, Harmful Algae, 4: 411-422 (2005).

Detection of Karenia brevis by a microtiter plate assay. K.D. Goodwin, G. Scorzetti, S.A. Cotton, T.L. Kiesling, P.B. Ortner, and J.W. Fell. IN: Harmful Algae 2002. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Algae. Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H. Tomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (2004).

Methyl bromide and methyl chloride in the Southern Ocean. Yvon-Lewis, S.A., D.B. King, R. Tokarczyk, K.D. Goodwin, E.S. Saltzman, and J.H. Butler. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, CO2008, doi:10.1029/2003JC001809 (2004).

Methyl chloride and methyl bromide degradation in the Southern Ocean. R. Tokarczyk, K.D. Goodwin, E.S. Saltzman. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(15): OCE 2-1-2-4, doi:10.1029/2003GL017459 (2003).

Bacterial degradation of trihalomethanes, Goodwin, K.D. In: M.S. Fram, B.A. Bergamaschi, K.D. Goodwin, R. Fujii, J.F. Clark, Processes affecting the trihalomethane concentrations associated with the subsurface injection, storage, and recovery program in Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 03-4062, http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri034062/ (2003).

Halocarbon biogeochemistry. L.G. Miller and K.D. Goodwin (editors). Biogeochemistry, special issue, 60, 92 pages (2002).

Water-Quality Monitoring and Studies of the Formation and Fate of Trihalomethanes during the Third Injection, Storage, and Recovery Test at Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California, March 1998 through April 1999. Fram, M.S., J.K. Berghouse, B.A. Bergamaschi, R. Fuji, K.D. Goodwin, and, J.F. Clark. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 02-102 (2002).

Leisingera methylohalidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine methylotroph that grows on methyl bromide . J.K. Schaefer, K.D. Goodwin, I.R. McDonald, J.C. Murrell, and R.S. Oremland. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52: 851-859 (2002).

Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C 1 bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics. K.D. Goodwin, R.K. Varner, P.M. Crill, and R.S. Oremland. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(12): 5437-5443 (2001).

Methyl bromide loss rate constants in the North Pacific Ocean. R. Tokarczyk, K.D. Goodwin, E.S. Saltzman. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(23): 4429-4432 (2001).

Bacterial degradation of methyl bromide and dibromomethane in natural waters and enrichment cultures. K.D. Goodwin, J.K. Schaefer, and R.S. Oremland. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(12): 4629-4636 (1998).

Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes. K.D. Goodwin, M. E. Lidstrom, and R.S. Oremland. Environmental Science and Technology, 31(11): 3188-3192 (1997).

Production of bromoform and dibromomethane by Giant Kelp: factors affecting release and comparison to anthropogenic bromine sources. K.D. Goodwin, M.E. Lidstrom, and W.J. North. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(8): 1725-1734 (1997).

Natural cycles of brominated methanes: macroalgal production and marine microbial degradation of bromoform and dibromomethane. K.D. Goodwin. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology (1996).

Laboratory production of bromoform, methylene bromide, and methyl iodide by macroalgae and distribution in near-shore southern California waters. S.L. Manley, K.D. Goodwin, and W.J. North. Limnology and Oceanography, 37: 1652-1659 (1992).

Selected Administrative Responsibilities and Contributions:

Regional Collaboration and Workshops:

NOAA Regional Team Member, Gulf of Mexico

NOAA Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Subgroup, Gulf of Mexico

Gulf of Mexico Alliance Water Quality Priority Team, Pathogens Workgroup

California Beach Water Quality Workgroup

NOAA One Health Working Group

AOML Point of Contact for the NOAA Ecosystem Research Program (ERP)

Technical Representative, NOAA SBIR Subtropic: In-Field Sensors for Detection of Microbial Contaminants in Coastal Waters.

Authored a segment for the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Ocean Today Kiosk. The segment "Healthy Beaches" was finalized by NOAA Oceans and Human Health office, and is featured at the Smithsonian Ocean Hall. The video can be sent at http://oceantoday.noaa.gov/healthybeaches/welcome.html

Established Technology Transfer web portal for a colorimetric microplate assay, available at: http://ciceet.unh.edu/project_extras/microplate_assay/.

Featured Scientist, Our Ocean World radio segment Sept. 22, 2005.

Articles and Links:

• The AOML Environmental Biology Program
   
• The Florida Area Coastal Environmental Program (FACE): http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/CoastalRegional/projects/facewb.html
   
• Technology Transfer Portal for a colorimetric microplate assay: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/Kelly-II/Index.html or http://ciceet.unh.edu/project_extras/microplate_assay/"
   
• Brevard County near shore ocean nutrification analysis
   
• High School Girls Explore Marine Science
   
• Explore Marine Science Program -- Results
   
• NOAA and University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride Cycling in the Southern Ocean
   
• AOML and RSMAS Members Receive Takeda Techno-Entrepreneurship Award Finalist Commendation
   
• Explorer Passengers Introduced to Microbiology
   
• DNA in the UK
   
• NOAA and University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
   
• Detecting DNA with a pencil
   

Contact Information:

Dr. Kelly D. Goodwin
AOML/OCD, stationed at:
SWFSC
8604 La Jolla Shores Drive
La Jolla, CA 92037-1508

Phone: 858-546-7142
Fax: 858-546-7003
E-mail: Kelly.Goodwin@noaa.gov