Subject: B1) How are tropical cyclones named? Contributed by Chris Landsea For listings of the current names being used see B2. Tropical cyclones are named to provide ease of communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches, and warnings. Since the storms can often last a week or longer and that more than one can be occurring in the same basin at the same time, names can reduce the confusion about what storm is being described. According to Dunn and Miller (1960), the first use of a proper name for a tropical cyclone was by an Australian forecaster early in the 20th century. He gave tropical cyclone names "after political figures whom he disliked. By properly naming a hurricane, the weatherman could publicly describe a politician (who perhaps was not too generous with weather-bureau appropriations) as 'causing great distress' or 'wandering aimlessly about the Pacific.'". During World War II, tropical cyclones were informally given women's names by US Army Air Corp and Navy meteorologists (after their girlfriends or wives) who were monitoring and forecasting tropical cyclones over the Pacific. This practice was inspired by the 1941 book "Storm" by George Stewart, where a junior meteorologist named Pacific extratropical storms after former girlfriends. In 1945, the armed services publicly adopted a name list of typhoons of the western Pacific. From 1950 to 1952, tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean were identified by the phonetic alphabet (Able-Baker-Charlie-etc.), but in 1953 the US Weather Bureau switched to women's names. In 1979, the WMO and the US National Weather Service (NWS) switched to a list of names that also included men's names. The Northeast Pacific basin tropical cyclones were named using women's names starting in 1959 for storms near Hawaii and in 1960 for the remainder of the Northeast Pacific basin. In 1978, both men's and women's names were utilized. The Northwest Pacific basin tropical cyclones were given women's names officially starting in 1945 and men's names were also included beginning in 1979. As of 1 January 2000, tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific basin are now being named from a new and very different list of names. The new names are Asian names and were contributed by all the nations and territories that are members of the WMO's Typhoon Committee. These newly selected names have two major differences from the rest of the world's tropical cyclone name rosters. -The names by and large are not personal names. There are a few men's and women's names, but the majority are names of flowers, animals, birds, trees, or even foods, etc, while some are descriptive adjectives. -The names will not be allotted in alphabetical order, but are arranged by contributing nation with the countries being alphabetized. The North Indian Ocean region tropical cyclones are named as of 2006. The Southwest Indian Ocean tropical cyclones were first named during the 1960/1961 season. The Australian and South Pacific region (east of 90E, south of the equator) started giving women's names to the storms in 1964 and both men's and women's names in 1974/1975. Last revised March 17, 2010 Subject: B2) What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names ? NORTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Subject: B2) What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names ? NORTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Arlene Alberto Andrea Arthur Ana Alex Bret Beryl Barry Bertha Bill Bonnie Cindy Chris Chantal CristobalClaudetteColin Don Debby Dorian Dolly Danny Danielle Emily Ernesto Erin Edouard Erika Earl FranklinFlorenceFernand Fay Fred Fiona Gert Gordon GabrielleGonzaloGrace Gaston Harvey Helene HumbertoHanna Henri Hermine Irene Isaac Ingrid Isaias Ida Ian Jose Joyce Jerry JosephineJoaquinJulia Katia Kirk Karen Kyle Kate Karl Lee Leslie Lorenzo Laura Larry Lisa Maria Michael Melissa Marco Mindy Matthew Nate Nadine Nestor Nana NicholasNicole Ophelia Oscar Olga Omar Odette Otto PhilippePatty Pablo PaulettePeter Paula Rina Rafael Rebekah Rene Rose Richard Sean Sandy SebastienSally Sam Shary Tammy Tony Tanya Teddy Teresa Tobias Vince Valerie Van Vicky Victor Virginie Whitney William Wendy Wilfred Wanda Walter Eastern North Pacific (east of 140W) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Adrian Aletta Alvin Amanda Andres Agatha Beatriz Bud Barbara Boris Blanca Blas Calvin CarlottaCosme CristinaCarlos Celia Dora Daniel Dalila Douglas Dolores Darby Eugene Emilia Erick Elida Enrique Estelle FernandaFabio Flossie Fausto Felicia Frank Greg Gilma Gil GenevieveGuillermoGeorgette Hilary Hector HenrietteHernan Hilda Howard Irwin Ileana Ivo Iselle Ignacio Isis Jova John JulietteJulio Jimena Javier Kenneth Kristy Kiko Karina Kevin Kay Lidia Lane Lorena Lowell Linda Lester Max Miriam Manuel Marie Marty Madeline Norma Norman Narda Norbert Nora Newton Otis Olivia Octave Odile Olaf Orlene Pilar Paul PriscillaPolo PatriciaPaine Ramon Rosa Raymond Rachel Rick Roslyn Selma Sergio Sonia Simon Sandra Seymour Todd Tara Tico Trudy Terry Tina VeronicaVicente Velma Vance Vivian Virgil Wiley Willa Wallis Winnie Waldo Winifred Xina Xavier Xina Xavier Xina Xavier York Yolanda York Yolanda York Yolanda Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke Central North Pacific (from the dateline to 140W) Akoni Aka Alika Ana Ema Ekeka Ele Ela Hana Hali Huko Halola Iona Iolana Iopa Iune Keli Keoni Kika Kilo Lala Lino Lana Loke Moke Mele Maka Malia Nolo Nona Neki Niala Olana Oliwa Omeka Oko Pena Pama Pewa Pali Ulana Upana Unala Ulika Wale Wene Wali Walaka Each year the next name is just the one following the last from the previous year. Once through a list the next name will be off of the top of the next list. 2011 begins with Pewa. TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES
for the
NORTHWEST PACIFIC Contributed by Gary Padgett For over a half-century (since at least 1945) the military weather forecasters, initially members of the U. S. Navy and later also from the U. S. Air Force, have named tropical cyclones forming in the Northwest Pacific basin. The names utilized were almost exclusively English feminine names through 1978, but beginning in 1979 men's names were used with women's names in an alternating fashion. Also, starting in 1963 the meteorological service of the Philippines (now known as PAGASA) began assigning Filipino women's names ending in "ng" to tropical depressions and cyclones forming in or passing through PAGASA's area of warning responsibility. In 2002 a new naming scheme was adopted by PAGASA (see below). Beginning on 1 January 2000, tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific basin are named from a new and very different list of names. The new names are Asian names and were contributed by all the nations and territories that are members of the WMO's Typhoon Committee. The new names will be allotted to developing tropical storms by the Tokyo Typhoon Centre of the Japanese Meteorological Agency which is the RSMC for the basin. These newly selected names have two major differences from the rest of the world's tropical cyclone name rosters. One, the names by and large are not personal names. There are a few men's and women's names, but the majority are names of flowers, animals, birds, trees, or even foods, etc, while some are descriptive adjectives. Secondly, the names will not be allotted in alphabetical order, but are arranged by contributing nation with the countries being alphabetized. Fourteen nations or territories contributed ten names each for a total of 140 names. The first 42 names on the roster are: Western North Pacific (west of the dateline) Contributing Nation Names ------------ ---------------------------------------------------- Cambodia Damrey Kong-rey Nakri Krovanh Sarika China Haijui Yutu Fengshen Dujuan Haima DPR Korea Kirogi Toraji Kalmaegi Mujigae Meari Hong Kong, ChinaKai-Tak Man-yi Fung-wong Choi-wan Ma-on Japan Tembin Usagi Kanmuri Koppu Tokage Lao PDR Bolaven Pabuk Phanfone Ketsana Nock-ten Macau Sanba Wutip Vongfong Parma Muifa Malaysia Jelawat Sepat Nuri Melor Merbok Micronesia Ewinlar Fitow Sinlaku Nepartak Nanmadol Philippines Malaksi Danas Hagupit Lupit Talas RO Korea Gaemi Nari Jangmi Mirinae Noru Thailand Prapiroon Wipha Mekkhala Nida Kulap U.S.A. Maria Francisco Higos Omais Roke Vietnam Son-Tinh Lekima Bavi Conson Sonca Cambodia Bopha Krosa Maysak Chanthu Nesat China Wukong Haiyan Haishen Dianmu Haitang DPR Korea Sonamu Podul Noul Mindule Nalgae Hong Kong, ChinaShanshan Lingling Dolphin Lionrock Banyan Japan Yagi Kajiki Kujira Kompasu Washi Lao PDR Leepi Faxai Chan-hom Namtheun Pakhar Macau Bebinca Peipan Linfa Malou Sanvu Malaysia Rumbia Tapah Nangka Meranti Mawar Micronesia Soulik Mitag Soudelor Fanapi Guchol Philippines Cimaron Hagibis Molave Malakas Talim RO Korea Jebi Neoguri Goni Megi Doksuri Thailand Mangkhut Rammasun Morakot Chaba Khanun U.S.A. Utor Matmo Etau Aere Vicete Vietnam Trami Halong Vamco Songda Saola PAGASA Names Since 1963 PAGASA has independently named tropical cyclones forming in the Philippines' AOR--from 115E to 135E and from 5N to 25N (except for a portion of the northwestern corner of the above region).  Even though the Philippines contributed ten names to the international list of typhoon names, PAGASA still continues to assign their own names for local use within the Philippines.  It is felt that familiar names are more easily remembered in the rural areas and that having a PAGASA- assigned name helps to underscore the fact that the cyclone is within PAGASA's AOR and potentially a threat to the Philippines. Another consideration may be PAGASA's desire to assign a name when a system is first classified as a tropical depression.  Since tropical and/or monsoon depressions can bring very heavy rainfall to the nation which often results in disastrous flooding, the weather service feels that assigning a name helps to enhance public attention given to a system. Beginning with 2001 PAGASA began using new sets of cyclone names.  These do not all end in "ng" as did the older names.  Four sets of 25 names will be rotated annually; thus, the set for 2002 will be re-used in 2006. In case more than 25 systems are named in one season, an auxiliary set will be used. PAGASA names 2011 2012 2013 2014 Amang Ambo Auring Agaton Basyang Butchoy Bising Bebeng Chedeng Cosme Crising Caloy Dodong Dindo Dante Domeng Egay Enteng Emong Ester Falcon Frank Feria Florita Goring Gener Gorio Gloria Hanna Helen Huaning Henry Ineng Igme Isang Inday Juaning Julian Jolina Juan Kabayan Karen Kiko Katring Lando Lawin Labuyo Luis Mina Marce Maring Milenyo Nonoy Nina Nando Neneng Onyok Ofel Ondoy Ompong Pedning Pablo Pepeng Paeng Quiel Quinta Quedan Queenie Ramon Rolly Ramil Reming Sendong Siony Santi Seiang Tisoy Tonyo Tino Tomas Ursula Unding Undang Usman Viring Violeta Vinta Venus Weng Winnie Wilma Waldo Yoyoy Yoyong Yolanda Yayang Zigzag Zosimo Zoraida Zeny Auxillary Names Abe Alakdan Alamid Agila Berto Baldo Bruno Bagwis Charo Clara ConchingChito Dado Dencio Dolor Diego Estoy Estong Ernie Elena Felion Felipe FloranteFelino Gening Gardo Gerardo Gunding Herman Heling Hernan Harriet Irma Ismael Isko Indang Jaime Julio Jerome Jessa INDIAN OCEAN TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES Contributed by Gary Padgett North Indian Ocean List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 Onil Ogni Nisha Giri Agni Akash Bijli Jal Hibaru Gonu Aila Kella Pyarr Yemyin Phyan Thane Baaz Sidr Ward Murjan Fanoos Nargis Laila Nilam Mala Abe Bandu Mahasen Mukda KhaiMuk Phet Phailin List 5 List 6 List 7 List 8 Helen Chapala Ockhi Fani Lehar Megh Sagar Vayu Madi Vaali Baazu Hikaa Nanauk Kyant Daye Kyarr Hudhud Nada Luban Maha Nilofar Vardah Titli Bulbul Priya Sama Das Soba Komen Mora Phethai Amphan Southwest Indian (west of 90E) 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 Anita Ariel Asma Anja Abele Bondo Bongwe Bernard Bongani Bingiza Clovis Celina Cinda Cleo Cherono Dora Dama Dongo David Dalilou Enok Elnus Eric Enzani Elvire Favio Fame Fanele Fami Francis Gamede Gula Gael Gelane Giladi Humba Hondo Hina Hubert Haingo Indlada Ivan Izilda Imani Igor Jaya Jokwe Jade Joel Jani Katse Kamba Kago Kanja Khabonina Lisebo Lola Lindsay Lunda Lumbo Magoma Marabe Marinda Mohono Maina Newa Nungu Nadety Nigel Naledi Olipa Ofelia Owami Olympe Onani Panda Pulane Prindile Pamela Paulette Quincy Qoli Qoli Quentin Qiloane Rabeca Rossana Rute Rahim Rafael Shyra Sama Sama Savana Stella Tsholo Tuma Tsholo Themba Tari Unokubi Uzale Uzale Uyapo Unjaty Vuyane Vongai Vimbai Vivane Vita Warura Warona Wada Walter Willy Xylo Xina Xylo Xangy Ximene Yone Yamba Yuri Yamurai Yasmine Zouleha Zefa Zita Zanele Zama SOUTHERN PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES Contributed by Julian Heming, Jack Beven, Gary Padgett, Frank Woodcock and Jon Gill. Starting with the 2008/2009 season, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers have consolidated their three different name lists into one unified listing, given below. If a named cyclone moves into the Australian regions from another warning center's area of responsibility, that previously assigned name will be used instead of one selected from this list. Names will be assigned in the order below (A-Zed) then the next list will be used, irrespective of year. Australian Region Names A Anika Anthony Alessia Alfred Ann B Billy Bianca Bruce Blanche Blake C Charlotte Carlos Cathy Caleb Claudia D Dominic Dianne Dylan Debbie Damien E Ellie Errol Edna Ernie Esther F Freddy Fina Fletcher Frances Ferdinand G Gabrielle Grant Gillian Greg Gretel H Hamish Heidi Hadi Hilda Harold I Ilsa Iggy Ita Ira Imogen J Jasper Jasmine Jack Joyce Joshua K Kirrily Koji Kate Kelvin Kimi L Laurence Lua Lam Linda Lucas M Magda Mitchell Marcia Marcus Marian N Neville Narelle Nathan Nora Noah O Olga Oswald Olwyn Owen Odette PQ Paul Peta Quang Penny Paddy R Robyn Rusty Raquel Riley Ruby S Sean Sandra Stan Savannah Seth T Tasha Tim Tatjana Trevor Tiffany UV Vince Victoria Uriah Veronica Verdun WXYZ Zelia Zane Yvette Wallace Scheduled for replacment RSMC NADI'S AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (0° S to 25°S, 160°E to 120°W) LIST A LIST B LIST C LIST D LIST E Ana Arthur Atu Amos Alvin Bina Becky Bune Bart Bela Cody Chip Cyril Colin Cook Dovi Denia Daphne Donna Dean Eva Elisa Evan Ella Eden Fili Fotu Freda Frank Florin Gina Glen Garry Gita Garth Hagar Hettie Heley Hali Hart Irene Innis Ian Iris Isa Judy Joni June Jo Julie Kerry Ken Kofi Kala Kelvin Lola Lin Lusi Leo Louise Mai Mick Mike Mona Moses Nat Nisha Nute Neil Niko Olof Oli Odile Oma Opeti Pita Pat Pam Pami Pearl Rae Rene Reuben Rita Rex Sheila Sarah Solo Sarai Suki Tam Tomas Tuni Tino Troy Urmil Uili Ula Vaianu Vania Victor Vicky Vanessa Wati Wilma Winston Wiki Wano Xavier Yasi Yalo Yolande Yvonne Yani Zaka Zena Zazu Zidane Zita (Standby) Saga Lea Kamu Pena Ella The name of a new cyclone is determined by sequentially cycling through lists A, B, C and D, then starting list A again. Names from the standby list E are used as replacements when necessary. PORT MORESBY'S Area of Responsibility (140°E to 160°E north of ~10°S) Alu Buri Dodo Emau Fere Guba Hibu Ila Kama Lobu Maila Standby list Nou Obaha Paia Ranu Sabi Tau Ume Vali Wau Auram JAKARTA'S Area of Responsibility Anggrek Anggur Bakung Belimbing Cempaka Duku Dahlia Jambu Flamboyan Lengkeng Kenanga Mangga Lili Nangka Mawar Pisang Seroja Rambuta Teratai Sawo When a cyclone is located or is expected to be located such that two or more tropical cyclone warning centres are involved, every attempt is made to resolve any differences of opinion on the cyclone and its expected behaviour through discussions. After discussion, the decision of the warning centre with prime responsibility prevails. The warning centre with prime responsibility for the cyclone issues the warning for that cyclone. The warning includes all regions affected by the tropical cyclone, even when these extend into another centre's area of responsibility. Last updated June 1, 2011 Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired? Kindly provided by Gary Padgett, Jack Beven, James Lewis Free, and Sandy Delgado. In the Atlantic basin, tropical cyclone names are "retired" (that is, not to be used again for a new storm) if it is deemed to be quite noteworthy because of the damage and/or deaths it caused. This is to prevent confusion with a historically well-known cyclone with a current one in the Atlantic basin. Sometimes names are removed for other reasons, such as cultural considerations or politics. The following list gives the names that have been retired and the year of the storm in question. Retired hurricane names Atlantic Audrey 1957, Agnes 1972, Anita 1977, Allen 1980, Alicia 1983, Andrew 1992, Allison 2001 Betsy 1965, Beulah 1967, Bob 1991 Connie 1955 ,Carla 1961, Cleo 1964, Carol 1965, Camille 1969, Celia 1970, Carmen 1974, Cesar 1996, Charley 2004 Diane 1955, Donna 1960, Dora 1964, David 1979, Diana 1990, Dennis 2005, Dean 2007 Edna 1968, Eloise 1975, Elena 1985 Flora 1963, Fifi 1974, Frederic 1979, Fran 1996, Floyd 1999, Fabian 2003, Frances 2004, Felix 2007 Gracie 1959, Gloria 1985, Gilbert 1988, Georges 1998, Gustav 2008 Hazel 1954, Hattie 1961, Hilda 1964, Hugo 1989,Hortense 1996 Ione 1955, Inez 1966, Iris 2001, Isidore 2002, Isabel 2003, Ivan 2004, Ike 2008,Igor 2010 Janet 1955, Joan 1988, Juan 2003, Jeanne 2004 Klaus 1990, Keith 2000, Katrina 2005 Luis 1995, Lenny 1999, Lili 2002 Marilyn 1995, Mitch 1998, Michelle 2001 Noel 2007 Opal 1995 Paloma 2008 Roxanne 1995, Rita 2005 Stan 2005 Tomas 2010 Wilma 2005 Name retired because of previous storm in 1954 with the same name. Although rarer, some East Pacific names have been retired from the list. The climatology of this basin has most hurricanes moving away from the shore, so chances are rare that these storms would adversely affect people necessitating the name be retired. Retired hurricane names East Pacific Adele 1970, Adolph 2001, Alma 2008 Knut 1988, Kenna 2002 Hazel 1965 Iva 1988, Ismael 1995,Israel 2001 Pauline 1997 Name retired because of political considerations A few Central Pacific names have been retired from their list. Most of them were removed for inflicting damage or adversely affecting the Hawai'ian Islands. Retired hurricane names Central Pacific Fico 1978, Fefa 1991 Iwa 1982, Iniki 1992 Names retired before the 2000 season come from the name lists used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Since 2000, the names removed come from the name lists used by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Most of the retired names inflicted significant damage to the nations affected. Retired typhoon names Western Pacific Bess 1974, Bess 1982, Bilis 2006 Chanchu 2006, Chataan 2002 Durian 2006 Fanapi 2010 Hanuman 2002 Ike 1984, Imbudo 2003 Karen 1962, Ketsana 2009, Kodo 2002 Longwang 2005 Maemi 2003, Matsa 2005, Mike 1990, Mirielle 1991, Morakot 2009 Nabi 2005 Omar 1992 Parma 2009, Pongsona 2002 Rananim 2004, Roy 1988, Rusa 2002 Saomai 2006, Sudal 2004 Thelma 1991, Tingting 2004 Vamei 2001 Xangsane 2006 Yanyan 2004 Bess 1974 was retired after the season and replaced with Bonnie. In 1979, new name lists featuring both sexes were introduced and Bess was added back. In 1982, Bess was again retired and replaced with Brenda. Retired before being used Last updated May 19, 2011 Subject: B4) What is the origin of the word "hurricane"? Contributed by Chris Landsea "HURRICANE derived from 'Hurican', the Carib god of evil... alternative spellings: foracan, foracane, furacana, furacane, furicane,furicano, haracana, harauncana, haraucane, haroucana, harrycain, hauracane, haurachana, herican, hericane, hericano, herocane, herricao, herycano, heuricane, hiracano, hirecano, hurac[s]n, huracano, hurican, hurleblast, hurlecan, hurlecano, hurlicano, hurrican, hurricano, hyrracano, urycan, hyrricano, jimmycane, oraucan, uracan, uracano" From the AMS Glossary of Meteorology It should be noted that the Carib god 'Hurican' was derived from the Mayan god 'Hurakan', one of their creator gods, who blew his breath across the Chaotic water and brought forth dry land and later destroyed the men of wood with a great storm and flood . Subject: B5) What happens to the name of a tropical cyclone if it moves from the Atlantic regions to the Northeast Pacific, or vice versa? Contributed by Chris Landsea The rule used to be that if the tropical storm or hurricane moved into a different basin (see F1 for more about the basins), then it was renamed to whatever name was next on the list for the area. The last time that this occurred was in July 1996 when Atlantic basin Tropical Storm Cesar moved across Central America and was renamed Northeast Pacific basin Tropical Storm Douglas. The last time that a Northeast Pacific system moved into the Atlantic basin was in June 1989 when Cosme became Allison. However, these rules have now changed at the National Hurricane Center and if the system remains a tropical cyclone as it moves across Central America, then it will keep the original name. Only if the tropical cyclone dissipates with just a tropical disturbance remaining, will the tropical warning center give the system a new name assuming it becomes a tropical cyclone once again in its new basin. Subject: B6) What happens if they run out of names on the list? Contributed by Neal Dorst Well, we all found out the answer in 2005. In the Atlantic and East Pacific, when they have run through the name list they then use the Greek alphabet : Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon,... etc. . At present there are no plans to retire letters of the Greek alphabet from the list, but if a very bad hurricane occurs with a Greek letter name, this may have to be revised. In the Central and West Pacific they have a perpetual lists of names, so when one list is through they simply start on the next. Since the name list has been started in the Atlantic in 1950 the furthest they have gone down the list has been Tropical Storm Zeta in 2005. Revised May 8, 2007 Subject: B7) How can I nominate a new name for the list? Contributed by Frank Lepore (NHC) Since 1978, the United Nations' World Meteorological Organization, a group representing some 120 different countries, has used pre-determined lists of names for tropical storms for each ocean basin of the world. The Atlantic basin, which falls under Regional Association IV, has a six year supply of names with 21 names for each year. Why 21 names? Well, the letters Q, U, X, Y and Z are not used because names beginning with those letters are in short supply (you would need at least 3 male and 3 female names for each letter, plus a back-up supply for those retired). Think about it; how many men and women do you know whose names begin with these letters? When a damage or casualty producing storm like Mitch, Andrew,or Katrina strikes, the country most affected by the storm may recommend to the World Meteorological Organization's Regional Association that the name be "retired." Retiring a name is an act of respect for its victims, and reduces confusion in the insurance, legal or scientific literature. A retired name is replaced with a like-gender name beginning with the same letter. For example, Honduras recommended (1998) the name Mitch be retired and proposed the replacement name, Matthew, for consideration (and vote) by the 25-member countries of the Regional Association-IV. Seventy-seven names have been retired in the Atlantic basin. The names used on the list must meet some fundamental criteria. They should be short, and readily understood when broadcast. Further the names must be culturally sensitive and not convey some unintended and potentially inflammatory meaning. The potential for misunderstanding increases when you figure that in the Atlantic basin there are twenty-four countries, reflecting an international mix of English, Spanish and French cultures. Typically, over the historical record, about one storm each year causes so much death and destruction that its name is considered for retirement. This means that in a "normal" year, the odds are about 1 in 8 of requiring a replacement name, given that over the last 57 years (of reliable record) we've averaged slightly over 8 tropical storms and hurricanes per season (actually 8.6). So, it's more likely that letters/ names toward the front of the alphabet (letters A through H) might be retired. The Region IV Naming Committee has a rather large file folder of nominated names that have already been submitted. The next time the need arises and it's a storm affecting mainly the United States, the Committee will be casting about for a replacement tropical cyclone name. They will take out this file to make a selection. But as we say, it's pure chance from there. Last updated : May 20, 2011