********************************************************************************
1881/01: Only major change from Partagas and Diaz (1996) is to
remove the 12 and 18 UTC from the best track on the 4th of August
as the storm was determined to have decayed below tropical storm
force by those times. Track otherwise unaltered from Neumann et al.
(1993). Inland decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for
inland winds over the S.E. United States. The best track provided appears
to describe the full life cycle of this tropical cyclone (from its
formation as a tropical storm until its dissipation below tropical storm
intensity).
07180 08/01/1881 M= 4 1 SNBR= 208 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0
07180 08/01/1881 M= 4 1 SNBR= 211 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0
***
07185 08/01*230 855 40 0*235 858 40 0*240 860 40 0*246 863 40 0
07190 08/02*252 866 40 0*261 868 40 0*270 870 40 0*277 874 40 0
07195 08/03*285 878 50 0*293 881 50 0*301 883 50 0*309 884 40 0
07200 08/04*315 886 40 0*320 888 40 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0
07200 08/04*315 886 30 0*320 888 30 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0
** **
07205 TS
Decay stage of this tropical storm to a tropical depression before dissipation
over land inadvertently left out from the first revision of the best track.
********************************************************************************
1881/02: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1996), who kept
the track as shown in Neumann et al. (1993). Inland decay model of
Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over Texas.
07315 08/11/1881 M= 4 2 SNBR= 209 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0
07315 08/11/1881 M= 4 2 SNBR= 212 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0
***
07320 08/11* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0*256 887 40 0*256 896 40 0
07325 08/12*256 905 40 0*257 915 40 0*258 924 40 0*261 934 40 0
07330 08/13*264 943 40 0*268 952 40 0*272 958 40 0*277 966 40 0
07335 08/14*283 972 40 0*289 977 30 0*296 983 30 0*308 990 30 0
07335 08/14*283 972 30 0*289 977 30 0*296 983 30 0*308 990 30 0
**
07340 TS
Winds reduced to account for weakening after landfall more realistically.
********************************************************************************
1881/03: This hurricane was newly documented by Partagas and Diaz (1996)
and no major changes are made to their track. The storm is determined
to have reached hurricane status based upon reports from the ship
"Fonthill".
********************************************************************************
1881/04: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1996), who made large
alterations to the track shown in Neumann et al. (1993), originally storm
number 3. These track changes are found to be reasonable. Storm is
determined to have reached hurricane status based upon reports from the
ships "Cohasset" and "Anna".
********************************************************************************
1881/05: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1996), who made
reasonable small alterations to the track shown in Neumann et al. (1993),
originally storm number 4. A sea level pressure reading of 985 mb (at
00 UTC on the 27th of August) not in the storm's center suggests
sustained winds of at least 70 kt from the subtropical wind-pressure
relationship - 90 kt chosen for the best track. Sandrik (1999) utilized
this peripheral pressure of 985 mb along with an estimate of a RMW of
15 nmi to get a 970 mb estimate of central pressure at landfall. 970 mb
suggests 85 kt winds from the subtropical wind-pressure relationship -
90 kt chosen for best track. 1002 mb central pressure corresponds to
45 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship - 40 kt
chosen for best track as storm was well inland at this point. Inland
decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over
the S.E. United States. Storm is determined to have reached hurricane
status based upon several ship reports, the 985 mb peripheral pressure
reading and winds from Tybee Island and Augusta, Georgia.
1881/05 - 2003 REVISION:
07330 08/21/1881 M= 9 5 SNBR= 212 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=2
07330 08/21/1881 M= 9 5 SNBR= 215 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=2
***
07335 08/21*176 570 60 0*177 580 60 0*177 590 60 0*177 599 60 0
07340 08/22*180 609 60 0*182 620 60 0*186 630 60 0*189 639 60 0
07345 08/23*192 649 60 0*196 659 60 0*201 670 60 0*207 680 60 0
07350 08/24*216 691 70 0*222 700 70 0*230 708 70 0*237 719 70 0
07355 08/25*244 728 70 0*249 736 70 0*255 746 80 0*260 754 80 0
07360 08/26*267 764 80 0*274 773 80 0*282 781 80 0*286 786 90 0
07365 08/27*293 790 90 0*299 793 90 0*307 796 90 0*313 801 90 0
07370 08/28*316 809 90 970*319 819 70 0*320 830 50 0*320 844 50 0
07375 08/29*325 863 40 0*332 876 40 0*340 890 40 1002*347 904 40 0
07375 08/29*325 863 40 0*332 876 40 0*340 890 40 1002*347 904 30 0
**
07380 HR GA2 SC1
Decay stage of this hurricane to a tropical depression before dissipation
over land inadvertently left out from the first revision of the best track.
********************************************************************************
1881/06: Only major change from Partagas and Diaz is to adjust the
track near U.S. landfall to account for analyses by Ho (1989).
Track is otherwise unaltered from Neumann et al. (1993), originally
storm number 5. Estimated central pressure at landfall of 975 mb
corresponds to 81 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure
relationship - 90 kt chosen for best track due to small (15 n mi)
radius of maximum winds. Inland decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria
(1995) utilized for inland winds over the eastern United States.
Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon
several ship reports and estimated central pressure reading of 975 mb.
********************************************************************************
1881/07: No major changes from this newly documented storm from
Partagas and Diaz.
********************************************************************************
1881 - Additional Notes:
1. The tropical storm listed as #8 in 1881 in Partagas and Diaz (1995b)
and storm number 6 in Neumann et al. (1993) was not included into the
HURDAT because of evidence suggesting that the storm did not actually
exist as a tropical cyclone. Partagas and Diaz suggested that the storm
was likely an extratropical storm for the duration of its lifetime.
********************************************************************************