********************************************************************************
1859/01: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. No track
available, only one point. Storm is determined to have reached hurricane
status based upon damage in Tuxpan and Tecoluta, Mexico.
********************************************************************************
1859/02: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Pressure
readings of 989 and 982 mb not in the hurricane's center (on 00 UTC of August
17th and 18th, respectively) suggest winds of at least 64 and 71 kt from
the northern wind-pressure relationship - 90 kt chosen for best track because
of these values and from description of winds from ship reports, supporting
hurricane status for this storm.
********************************************************************************
1859/03: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Storm
is determined to have reached hurricane status from reports provided from
St. Kitts.
1859/03 - 2003 REVISION:
01375 09/02/1859 M= 2 3 SNBR= 47 NOT NAMED XING=0 SSS=0
01380 09/02*172 597 70 0*174 607 70 0*176 618 70 0*177 630 70 0
01380 09/02*173 597 70 0*174 607 70 0*175 618 70 0*175 630 70 0
*** *** ***
01385 09/03*177 641 70 0*179 654 70 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0
01385 09/03*174 641 70 0*173 654 70 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0
*** ***
01390 HR
Re-examination of Salivia's (1972) Puerto Rican hurricane history, Boose
et al. (2003) and J. Colon (personal communication) reveals that this
hurricane did not impact Puerto Rico. The track is adjusted slightly
southward to avoid a direct impact on the island, yet still cause
the observed hurricane conditions in St. Kitts and St. Croix described
in Partagas and Diaz (1995a).
********************************************************************************
1859/04: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.
No track available, only one point. Storm is determined to have reached
hurricane status from report from ship "Liberty".
1859/04 - 2003 REVISION:
01395 09/12/1859 M= 1 4 SNBR= 48 NOT NAMED XING=0 SSS=0
01395 09/12/1859 M= 2 4 SNBR= 48 NOT NAMED XING=0 SSS=0
*
01400 09/12* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0*395 505 90 0* 0 0 0 0
01400 09/12* 0 0 0 0*355 575 90 0*370 545 90 0*390 520 90 0
*** *** ** *** *** *** *** **
(The 13th is new to HURDAT.)
01402 09/13*410 500 80 0*430 485 80 0*455 465 70 0*490 435 70 0
01405 HR
Mr. Doug Mayes at the University of South Carolina uncovered additional
ship observations, which allow for a track to be determined for this
hurricane from 06Z on the 12th through 18Z on the 13th.
New York Tribune Oct 1. 1859 p. 8 (and New York Times Oct 1 1859 p. 8)
Ship Coronet, Flowers, Liverpool. . . .12 inst lat 42 lon 50 experienced
a heavy gale which split fore and topsails, main spencer and done other
damage.
New York Tribune Oct 5 1859 p. 8 (and New York Times Oct 4 1859 p. 8)
Bark Etiwan (of Charleston) . . . . Sept 12th lat 36 lon 56 30 had a
very heavy gale from SE which lasted for six hours veering suddenly to
NW with equal force; split sails &c.
New York Tribune Sept 30 1859 p. 8
Ship Cordelia, Bishop, . . . Sept 13th lat 49 48 lon 4? 08 experienced a
hurricane from E to SW which blew away entire suite of sails, sprung
foreyard, main topmast crosstrees, and strained the ship badly, causing
her to leak.
New York Tribune Oct 5 1859 p. 8 (and New York Times Oct 4 1859 p. 8)
Brig Bell Flower (of Pittston). . . . . Experienced heavy gales, split
sails &c. Sept 13 lat 45 30 Lon 47 23, during the violent gale from NE,
was boarded by a sea which stove the deck cabin, filling the cabin with
water, and washed the Captain and a seaman named Samuel Thomas overboard
who were lost.
New York Times Oct 5 1859 p. 8
Ship Anna Decatur, Parsons, Sunderland. . . . Sept 13 in lat 46
experienced very heavy gales.
********************************************************************************
1859/05: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis.
No track available, only one point. Storm is determined to have reached
hurricane status based upon destruction which occurred in Mobile.
1859/05 - 2003 REVISION:
01410 09/16/1859 M= 1 5 SNBR= 49 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=1
01410 09/15/1859 M= 4 5 SNBR= 49 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=1
** *
(15th not in HURDAT originally.)
01413 09/15*280 890 70 0*285 890 70 0*290 889 70 0*296 886 70 0
01415 09/16*305 880 80 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0
01415 09/16*303 881 70 0*311 875 50 0*320 868 40 0*331 848 40 0
*** *** ** *** *** ** *** *** ** *** *** **
(The 17th and 18th are new to HURDAT.)
01416 09/17*343 825 40 0*356 800 40 0*370 775 50 0*385 745 60 0
01417 09/18*400 710 70 0*412 665 70 0*420 610 70 0*425 550 70 0
01420 HR AL1
01420 HR AL1AFL1
****
U.S. Hurricane Landfall Data
----------------------------
#/Date Time Lat Lon Max Saffir- Central States
Winds Simpson Pressure Affected
5-9/16/1859 0000Z 30.5N 88.0W 80kt 1 (977mb) AL1
5-9/16/1859 0000Z 30.3N 88.1W 70kt 1 (985mb) AL1,AFL1
**** **** ** *** ****
Ship and land station observations uncovered by Mr. Doug Mayes and Prof.
Cary Mock at the University of South Carolina and Mr. Michael Chenoweth
are able to well document a track for this hurricane during its
passage over the southeast United States and back out over the Atlantic.
All of these newly analyzed data are documented in full below. The data
reconfirms a minimal hurricane making landfall near Mobile, Alabama which
also caused Category 1 hurricane conditions in Pensacola, Florida. The
landfall intensity though was reduced slightly due to the lack of strong
pressure drop at Warrington, FL just east of the landfall point and relatively
weak winds observed just north of Mobile (at Mt. Vernon, AL) soon after
landfall. This system then trekked to the northeast and reemerged back
over the Atlantic near Virginia/Maryland. Ship reports indicate that the
storm re-acquired hurricane intensity over the open Atlantic. A
peripheral pressure of 996 mb (at 19Z on the 17th in Annapolis) suggests
winds of at least 55 kt from the northern wind pressure relationship -
60 kt chosen for best track.
Newspaper Reports:
The Daily Picayune (New Orleans) Sunday, Sept 18, 1859, p.3
The Late Storm in Mobile. - Our Mobile exchanges, of Friday morning, come
to us with full accounts of the storm in that city the day and night
previous. It appears that the rain began to fall as early as 3 o'clock in
the morning, and continued without the slightest cessation during the
whole day, at times accompanied by a heavy gale of wind, which shifted
at the edge of evening from northeast to southeast.
At this time the alarm became very great. The wind blew a hurricane and
the water flooded the wharf at the foot of Conti, and was still rising
when the authorities ordered the water alarm bells to be rung, and "the
bell on the tower pealed forth its ten strokes with fearful import. Great
excitement prevailed, and the merchants on Commerce and Front streets
set about removing the merchandise into the second stories."
About half-past 9, however, the wind shifted to the south, the rain
ceased, and the water began to recede and fears to subside. As to the
damage, it is not, from the lateness of the hour, fully reported. It is
stated, however, that the telegraph wires were broken down in every
direction; the wharves and bath houses along the city side of the bay were
carried away; boxes, barrels and bales set afloat; and at a late hour
intelligence, from along the line of railroad track, was received, which
caused serious apprehensions that the trains would be interrupted for two
or three days, to the great inconvenience of a large amount of freight
at the depot.
Accidents from Thursday's Blow.- The schooner W. W. Harkness, Capt.
Peterson, hence for Tampico, when about two miles above the head of the
Southwest Pass, during a heavy gale on Thursday last, lost her anchors
and chains and went ashore in four feet water.
The steamboat Crescent, Capt. Carlton, left the levee on Wednesday
afternoon last . . . While proceeding on her voyage she encountered a
gale when off the Chandeleurs, which carried away her chimneys, pilot
house, texas and nearly all the bulwarks of the cabin.
The main boat California, Capt. Myers, met the gale when opposite
Point Clear.
The Daily Picayune Monday, Sept 19, 1859, p.4
The Storm on the Coast. Damage to Shipping and other Property -
The furious and destructive gale, which swept over the coast Thursday
last appears to have been much more violent at Pensacola and vicinity
than even at Mobile. The [Pensacola] Tribune of Friday says:
"On Wednesday night the first of the equinoctial storms commenced with
a vengeance, and yesterday the Storm King reigned supreme, the wind
blowing a hurricane and the rain falling a deluge. Trees were
uprooted and fences prostrated. During the forepart of the day the
wind blew, at different intervals, from every point of the compass,
with terrible force, sweeping everything before it. At noon it
settled in the southeast, from which point it blew with increased
violence.
The shipping in the bay was in a very critical condition, and greatly
confused. The wind sporting with the smaller craft as with ebaff[?]
- throwing them out on the beach and dashing them to pieces against the
wharves.
The schooner Hornet, with her cargo, was thrown ashore, and is now high
and dry.
At about 5 o'clock, the Palafox street wharf which had during the day,
up to the hour mentioned, nobly withstood the storm, succumbed to the
combined force of wind and wave, and was entirely demolished.
The new wharf also received damages to a considerable extent.
The bath-houses, the property of various individuals, situated along
the shore, were all completely destroyed.
It is almost miraculous how the entire shipping in the bay escaped
demolition. Considering the violence of the storm, the damage done,
though great, might have been, and we fear is, far greater than here
reported.
Vessels on the coast must have been greatly distressed, and we shall be
agreeably surprised, when sufficient time has elapsed, if we do not
hear of a greater loss of life and property than has ever been known
on the coast of Florida. . .
During Thursday night the wind shifted round to northeast, still
blowing hard but somewhat inclined to lull.
At daylight this morning the beach presented an indescribable mass of
timbers from the different wrecks, drifted ashore during the night.
In the city, nothing more serious than fences blown down and shade
trees topped, have, as yet, been heard of. On the beach, there are
numerous different estimates as to the value of property destroyed.
In lieu of authentic information, we give the lowest estimate rumored,
$10,000. . .
At the time we go to press it has abated its fury, though the winds
still blow in stiff breeze."
Safety of the Galveston -
By a letter of the same date, but written some hours later, in the
Mobile Tribune, we are gratified to learn of the safety of the
Galveston, Capt. Hutchings, which left this port with the Florida
mails the morning of the 14th. She arrived at Pensacola about 10
o'clock Friday morning. The writer says:
"After getting to sea the wind commenced to blow fresh from the
southeast, and increased to a gale, and blowed from almost every
point of the compass. At 5 A. M. Thursday she was within twenty
miles of Pensacola bar, but the gale increasing, it was dangerous
to keep on her course, and consequently she headed off the land and
rode the gale out. At midnight the gale moderated, and the ship
was again on her course for this place. The wheel houses are stove
in, and the forward part of the ship above the deck is stove in also.
It was necessary to throw off part of her deck load, and most of that
on deck is damaged, as the water washed through the ship from fore to
aft. She has not sustained damage though to detain her." . . .
The Damage at Mobile -
Our neighbors of Mobile appear to have been more frightened than
hurt. Only some sugar, flour, &c., on the ground floors of a few
of the warehouses were injured.
At Point Clear nearly all of the little bath houses and wharves were
swept away, and the sojourners were much alarmed.
Higher up, on the eastern shore, every wharf and bath house, except
Hudson's and Stark's is gone.
In the neighborhood of Short's wharf, two oyster boats capsized, one
of them the Sea Bird, and two persons, names unknown, were drowned.
The Daily Picayune Sunday, Sept 18, 1859, p.3
Heavy Storm at New York. Extensive Damage to Property.
New York, Sept. 17. - A very violent storm of wind a rain passed over
this city today doing considerable damage to shipping.
Among the disasters, the bark Mary Ellen, from Bremen, dragged her
anchors and went ashore on Governor's Island.
There was also considerable damage to other property.
A five-story warehouse in progress of erection, in Duane street, was
blown down and completely demolished. The house adjoining was also
thrown down and the tenants buried beneath the ruins.
Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) Tuesday Sept. 20 1859 p. 2
The ravages of the storm of Friday and Saturday have been general and
severe. The amount of water was over eight inches. The damage to the
ungathered crops and to mill dams and fences has been very great.
Daily National Intelligencer Tuesday Sept 20 1859 p. 2
The Fresh, subsequent to the date of our report of yesterday, raised
sufficiently on Sunday night to do some damage. Scantling and other
lumber was carried off from some of the lumber yards in Georgetown, and
more or less of it lost. In addition to the loss of salt by a
Georgetown merchant, about fifty barrels of flour belonging to
Mr. Cruikshank were damages. This is all we hear of worth mentioning in
addition.
Daily National Intelligencer Tuesday Sept 20 1859 p. 2
Of the Chesepeake and Ohio canal it is yet in our power to say but
little. Unauthenticated reports were current yesterday of a breach on
the nine mile level, and also east of the Great Falls, but they received
little credence. A telegraph dispatch from Harper's Ferry yesterday
announced Dam No. 4 as swept away, but this was deemed altogether
extravagant. The coffer-dam lately inserted and the yet unfinished
guard bank were most likely injured, but that the solid masonry of the
dam has suffered is scarcely credible.
Daily National Intelligencer Tuesday Sept 20 1859 p. 2
Extraordinary Fall of Rain. --- The amount of rain at Grafton Cottage
near Washington, in the storm of the 16th and 17th instant, was six
inches and four-tenths September 19, CHAS. G. PAGE.
Daily National Intelligencer Monday Sept 19 1859 p. 3
The freshet in the Potomac caused by the heavy rains of Friday and
Saturday was a source of considerable excitement yesterday all along the
river banks. . . . . At five o'clock the river was rising at the
Georgetown wharves, but we were assured that at the little falls bridge
it was falling. Some apprehension was felt for what might take place at
the next flood tide.
Daily National Intelligencer Monday Sept 19 1859 p. 3
A good many persons were hard at work at the western wharves scouring
private and public property there. The new depot of New York Steamship
company was considered in much peril if the river should rise higher; as
it was the water was up more than 100 feet beyond shore. The contents of
the depot were removed in good time.
Daily National Intelligencer Monday Sept 19 1859 p. 3
The current in the Potomac was very rapid, and large quantities of
driftwood passed down. In some cases lodging against vessels at the
wharves somewhat to there risk. The Long Bridge, in its present fragile
state, appeared to be in danger, but may withstand the pressure against
it.
Daily National Intelligencer Monday Sept 19 1859 p. 3
The Chesapeake and Ohio canal, so far as heard from has suffered no
damage from the fresh. The water was let out of the Georgetown level to
prevent breaches there, and it is hoped that similar precaution was
observed all along the line. Some solicitude is felt for dams No. 4 and
5, but nothing is known, as the telegraph was not at work yesterday.
New York Tribune Monday Sept 19, 1859 p. 8
Brig Tangent, Plummer, from Boston, for Elizabethport, in Ballast for
coal, arrived at the Hook on Friday night, and during the gale of
Saturday dragged both anchors into two fathoms of water. Her foremast
was cut away, which with the yards and main topmast, went over the side,
when she held. She was towed up to the city on Sunday.
New York Tribune Tuesday Sept. 19 1859 p. 8
Steamship Potomac, Watson, Savannah, . . . . On the 17th inst . . .
9 P.M. 10 miles off Cape Hatteras, passed steamship Parkersburg hence for
Savannah. The P. experienced a heavy gale from the N.E.
New York Tribune Tuesday Sept. 19 1859 p. 8
Ship Marathon, Tyler Liverpool, . . . 17th inst, Lat 40 30, Lon ?9 in a
gale from SE to NNE carried away main topmast trestletrees.
New York Tribune Tuesday Sept. 19 1859 p. 8
Ship Manhattan, Dixon, Liverpool Aug. 6. . . . has been twenty days west
of the banks with light westerly winds; had to haul off shore Saturday
night during the heavy easterly gales.
New York Tribune Tuesday Sept. 19 1859 p. 8
Bark Milton, Bradford, Liverpool Aug 10. . . . Saturday 17th had a heavy
gale from ESE to NNE with a bad sea, vessel laboring very heavy, Montauk
bearing North 50 miles.
New York Tribune Sept 21, 1859 p. 12
Ship Havre, Askins, . . . Sept 17 and 18, Lat 40 20 Lon 70 experienced a
heavy gale from SE to NNE.
New York Tribune Sept 21 1859 p. 12
Ship Martha (of Boston) Arr. Off the Hook 17th and hauled off shore in
a heavy gale from E. Had heavy weather off Algoa Bay; slit split sails,
washed away bulwarks, &c.
New York Tribune Sept 21 1859 p. 12
Ship Wm H Prescott (of Boston) . . . .17th inst, had a gale from SE to W;
18th had hurricane from the N during which shifted cargo.
New York Tribune Sept 21 1859 p. 12
Bark Kepler . . . 17th inst, highlands bearing WNW bearing 40 miles
passed schr Oregon lying to; experienced heavy westerly gales up to
Lon 50. since then light westerly winds and calms and on the 17th inst
had a head easterly gale.
New York Tribune Sept 21 1859 p. 12
Schr Alma . . . 17th inst5 miles E of Sandy Hook, took a gale from ESE
and was compelled to haul off shore, during which split foresail, stove
bulwarks, &c.
New York Tribune Sept 22 1859 p. 8
Ship Messenger, Hooper . . . . Sept 17 off the Capes of Delaware,
experienced a hurricane fm NE which blew away foretopsail and jib.
New York Tribune Sept 22 1859 p. 8
Brig Salus Arkle, Palmero 70 days, and Gibraltar 36 days fruit to order.
Sept 18 in a heavy gale from N., split sails &c.
New York Tribune Sept 22 1859 p. 8
Schr Sir Colin Campbell, Virgens, Sagua 11 days, sugar, &c. to Whitman
Bros. Sept 17 experienced a heavy gale from ENE lost deck load of
Molasses.
New York Tribune Sept 23 1859 p. 8
Ship Constitution . . . . 17th Lat. 41 Lon. 67 had another very heavy
blow from S and NW with a high cross sea running.
New York Tribune Sept 23 1859 p. 8
Bark R G W Dodge. . . 16th and 17th inst had heavy gale from SE
New York Tribune Sept 24 1859 p. 8
Bark Harvest Hammond Savannah 7days, in ballast to Sturgis Clearman and
Company. Sept 17 SE of Hatteras experienced a very heavy gale from
Southeast.
New York Tribune Oct 1 1859 p. 8 (and New York Times Oct 1 1859 p. 8)
Schr. Louisa A. Johnson (of Brookhaven). . . . 18th inst, lat 41 52
lon 56 49 in a hurricane from NW lost mainboom and received other
damage.
New York Times Oct 3 1859 p. 8
Ship Lady Franklin, Jordan, Liverpool. . . . Sept 18 lat 44 lon 58
experienced a hurricane from SE did no damage.
New York Times Sept 23 1859 p. 8 (and Charleston Daily Courier Sept
22 1859 p. 4)
Steamer Chesapeake . . . .during the NE gales of the 18th while off
Cape Cod sprang a leak and threw overboard 400lbs of sugar and syrup.
She still leaks and is kept free by her donkey pumps. She will, after
discharging her cargo, go to the docks for repairs.
New York Times Sept 20 1859 p. 8
Steamer George's Creek On the 16th experienced a heavy gale from the NE
and was compelled to put into Hampton Roads for harbor.
New York Times Sept 19 1859 p. 8 (and Charleston Daily Courier Sept
22 p. 4)
Steamship Nashville. . . . The Nashville experienced very heavy gales
from Hatteras to the Lower Bay where she anchored last evening the 17th.
Instrumental Records
--------------------
Date Time Station Temp in Cloudiness Wind Wind Comments
Pressure Open Amount Dir. Speed
Annapolis, Maryland
16SEP 7am 30.12 63 10 NE 2
2pm 30.06 65 10 ESE 3
9pm 29.94 64 10 ENE 3 Rain began 9pm
17SEP 7am 29.51 67 10 NE 3
2pm 29.37 60 10 N 4
9pm 29.72 63 10 NW 2 Rain ended 9pm, 4.8"
18SEP 7am 29.86 57.5 0 NW 1
2pm 29.84 72.5 3 N 1
9pm 29.86 65 3 N 1
Fort Monroe, Virginia
16SEP 7am 30.30 73 Cloudy E 4 Rain began 6am
2pm 30.20 72 Cloudy E 5
9pm NA 71 Cloudy E 5
17SEP 7am 29.71 75 Cloudy SW 4 Rain ended 5am, 0.86
2pm 29.80 75 Cloudy NE 2
9pm 30.00 68 Fair NW 2
18SEP 7am 30.15 70 Fair NW 2
2pm 30.18 73 Fair NE 2
9pm NA 70 Fair SW 2
US Naval Ob., Wash. D.C. (selected)
16SEP noon 30.22 68 10 SE 1 Rain began 2.5am
2.5pm 30.18 66 10 E 2
8.5pm 30.07 63 10 E 3
17SEP 0.5am 29.95 64 10 NE 3 Rain cont., 0.93"
2.5am 29.90 63 10 NE 3
6.5am 29.60 64 10 E 4
8.5am 29.59 68.5 10 E 5
9.5am 29.44 69 10 E 4
10.5am 29.42 68 10 NNE 5
noon 29.54 61 10 NW 6
2.5pm 29.66 60 10 NW 6
3.5pm 29.73 60 10 NW 6
4.5pm 29.78 60 10 NW 6
6.5pm 29.82 60 10 WNW 6
8.5pm 29.89 60 10 WNW 4
9.5pm 29.90 60 10 NW 3 Rain ended 9pm, 3.34"
18SEP 2.5am 29.95 60 4 NW 3
8.5am 30.04 64 1 NW 2
noon 30.03 74 10 NW 3
Washington D. C.
16SEP 7am 30.28 60 10 NE 2 Rain began 1am
2pm 30.20 67 10 SE 3
9pm 30.08 63 10 NE 4
17SEP 7am 29.51 69 10 NE 4
2pm 29.61 61 10 NW 4 cont., 4.00"
9pm 29.89 62 10 NW 4 Rain ended 9.5pm, 0.34"
18SEP 7am 30.03 61 0 NW NA
2pm 30.06 71 3 NW 1
9pm 30.08 64 0 0 0
Other records and diary entries
-------------------------------
(These observations are typically taken on a 7am/2pm/9pm timeframe.)
Mt Vernon Barracks AL
13th N2/N3/NE0
14th NE1/NE0/N0
15th NE0/NE6/NE5
16th W3/W1/N0
17th N0/NE0/NE0
On the 15th, 3.05 inches of rain, "Rained all day without ceasing"
Columbus MS
15th SE2/SE3/E3 0.108 inches of rain
16th N3/N3/N1
17th N1/S2/E1
Pauling MS
15th NE3/NE4/NE4
16th NE2/NW3/NE1
17th N1/M/E2
On the 15th, "wind at 6 pm NE5", rain 1.650 from 12 M to 1 AM
New Orleans LA
15th NE4/N5/NW5
16th W2/NW3/SW1
17th E1/NE2/E2
On the 15th, High wind in the evening. 0.39 inches of rain. Barometer
on the 15th down to 29.85 in the middle of the day.
Baton Rouge LA
15th NE2/NE4/NE2
16th W1/NE2/NE1
17th E1/E2/SE1
Thomaston GA
14th 72/76/72 29.05/29.05/29.05 SW/SE2/SE0 3.35" rain
15th 73/74/71 28.8/28.8/29.0 E1/SE2/SE4
16th 70/84/77 29.0/29.0/29.0 S5/S4/SW_
17th 70/84/77 29.0/29.0/29.0 NE/SW/SW
Whitemarsh Island, GA
14th 71/84/75 W1/SSE3/M
15th 73/80/77 N1/NE3/SE3 1.35" rain
16th 77/82/79 S4/S5/WSW5 0.08" rain
17th 72/83/75 WNW3/WNW3/M
Sparta, GA
14th 61/85/70 SW1/NW1/N1
15th 65/72/69 E1/NE2/E4 rain afternoon night
16th 70/74/69 SE1/SW3/SW4 rain During day
17th 63/83/71 W1/NW3/NE1
Augusta GA
14th 65/91/75 30.25/30.30/30.34 W0/W1/W0
15th 72.5/75/72 30.30/30.24/30.18 W0/W0/W0
16th 74/79/73 30.10/30.05/30.00 SE3/SE2/SW2 1.88" rain
17th 69/88/72 30.02/30.07/30.15 W0/W1/W0 0.42" rain
St Augustine, FL
14th 84/88/87 29.92/29.92/29.97 SW1/SE3/SW1
15th 84/86/84 30.10/30.10/30.10 SE3/SE4/SE4
16th 83/78/77 30.04/30.00/29.97 S3/SW3/SW2 0.40" rain
17th 80/90/87 30.00/30.00/30.00 NW2/SW3/SW1
Note most winds were 3+ in strength all month
Cedar Keys, FL
14th 80/86/80 S1/SW1/0
15th 80/85/81 E3/SE2/SE4
16th 76/81/80 SE3/SW3/SW4
17th 77/82/77 NW2/W2/NW2
Barrancas Barracks, FL
14th 72/88/84 N2/SE3/SE3
15th 76/81/79 NE3/SE7/SE8 3.30" rain
16th 75/87/77 NW5/NW2/N2
17th 75/87/81 N1/SW1/NW2
Warrington FL (US Naval Hospital)
14th 78/80/86/79 29.90/29.90/29.90/29.90 SW2/SW3/SW3/SW5 rain
15th 78/76/79/75 29.90/29.88/29.83/29.73 NE7/NE7/E7/SE7 rain
16th 74/80/87/80 29.79/29.80/29.84/29.87 NW7/SW5/SW4/SW3
17th 74/80/88/80 29.92/29.92/29.92/29.93 SW2/SW2/SW2/SW3
Lake City, FL
14th 77/92/78 S1/S2/0 0.50" rain
15th 79/87/75 SE1/S2/S2
16th 74/82/78 S3/SW5/SW2 1.60" rain
17th 76/88/76 SW1/0/0
A. Glennie, Pawley's Island SC
14th 74/80/62 30.05 E/S/S
15th 67/79/77 30.05 N/SE/E
16th 79/83/80 29.80 S/S/SW 0.22
17th 72/82/72 30.02 W/W/W
Black Oak, Pinopolis SC
14th 61/82/72 30.05/30.13/30.14 NW/NE/SE
15th 67/81/76 30.15/30.23/30.21 NE/NE/SE Cloudy/Rain/Cloudy
Rain 0.01"
16th 76/83/80 30.14/30.03/29.92 SE/SE/E Squally with high wind.
Rain 0.09"
17th 70/82/71 29.95/30.02/30.03 NW/NW/W Clear
Charleston Board of Health, SC
14th 69/81/78 30.11/30.15/30.21 SW2/E2 Fair
15th 76/80/78 30.24/30.26/30.25 NE2/SE2 Fair - rain 0.12"
16th 80/84/82 30.11/30.09/30.00 SE3/S5 Cloudy
17th 73/83/75 30.08/30.05/30.12 SW3/W1 Fair
Fort Moultrie, SC
14th 74/81/78 30.19/30.24/30.27 SW1/E2/E2 f/f/f - rain 0.23"
15th 76/80/77 30.22/30.24/30.26 NE1/E2/E1 cloudy/cloudy/f
rain at intervals
16th 80/82/81 30.27/30.17/30.10 SE1/SE3/S5 f/cloudy/cloudy
stormy at 4 PM and 10 PM
17th 72/84/76 30.13/30.13/30.22 SW3/NW2/NW1 f/f/f
Arsenal Academy, Richland County (Columbia), SC
14th 68/86/71 NE0/SE2
15th 70/83/72 E3/SE3 [rain] 4.5 PM continued during night
16th 73/78/68 W6/SE5 1.8" rain
17th 66/85/72 NE0/SW3
Aiken, SC
14th 63/87/72 E2/E2/E2
15th M/72/66 M/E1/NE3 0.85" rain
16th 73/80/66 NE4/SE4/W4 0.94" rain
17th 67/81/69 W3/S2/SW1
David Golightly Harris. Spartanburg, SC
16th Night before last and yesterday and last night it rained very hard
Charleston Courier, Saturday, September 17: The winds and waves
prevented the boat race which was eagerly expected on Friday afternoon.
We shall no doubt have a trial on the first fair afternoon; and after
the gales and "blows" of this period, we may expect frequent occasions of
such a delightful and exciting pastime.
Dr. Louis M. Desaussure. Beaufort Dist., SC
16th - rain, threatening Sepr gale from N.E. - warm ... Late in eveng,
hard blow or gale of wind & rain from S.E. threw cotton down funneled it
& injured it.
John McPherson DeSaussure (Kershaw Dist.): Rain fell 0.05 In. wind
S.E., S. or S.W.
Samuel Porcher Gaillard. Sumter Dist., SC:
14th Cool this morning, 68°. Cloudy this evening
15th Cloudy this morning & heavy fog. About 9 am sun came out,
overcast all morning from 11 am until 2 pm at which time the clouds were
threatening at south & S.W. At 3 pm had a few drops of rain & from that
time to this, 8 pm, occasionally a few drops, likely to rain before
morning.
16th Had a little rain last night. Cloudy & unsettled all morning.
Had a slight shower just after daylight & ceased at 7 am. At a ¼ of 12
(& previous) heard thunder & by 20 after 12 a heavy cloud came over from
S.S.W. A very heavy fall of water. It did not cease raining until near
2 pm. At 4 pm had a heavy shower all evening. About sunset every
appearance of clearing up as it has been clear at west but soon became
cloudy & has been raining off & on up to this time 9 pm the wind
indicates stormy weather.
17th Had a very heavy rain last night & wind very high, by 12 o'clock
ceased & was clear before morning. I heard this morning (which was ????
by a letter from my sister, Mrs. Rembert) that yesterday a tornado passed
over Col. James Rembert's plantation. Every building except smokehouse
unroofed even his dwelling, which is a very large building. All his
fencing down. I have no doubt it was [serious] to the crops. He said it
all was done in 5 minutes.
Charles Heyward, Charleston SC
15th Good weather until today, Cloudy & rain
16th Overcast. Threatening weather but passed off during the night with
a little high wind
Chapel Hill, NC
14th 68/80/65 29.61/29.66/29.69 NW1/W1/W1
15th 62/76/68 29.78/29.63/29.43 NE2/NE2/N2
16th 66/70/68 29.73/29.63/29.43 NW3/NW3/NW1
17th 66/80/69 29.33/29.46/29.56 NW3/NW3/SW1 0.15" rain
Murfreesboro, NC
14th W1/SE1/NE1
15th 63/76/68 29.4/29.55/29.35 E2/NE2/E2
16th 69/70/69 29.3/29.25/29.2 SE4/SW3/NW1 0.60" rain
17th 72/82/71 28.9/29.0/29.1 NW1/NW1/NW1 0.50" rain
Basil Armstrong Thomason. Yadkin County, NC
15th Cloudy and cool. Wind from the north east.
16th A real "north easter." Came as near raining all day as common.
Guess this is the equinoctial storm.
17th Clear and quite warm. It rained a small flood last night, so the
creeks are past fording to-day.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
16th 42/60/37 29.9/29.9/29.9 NW & SW clear and fine
Thermometer at sunrise 32
17th 45/64/44 29.9/29.8/29.7 SE Cloudy rain at night
18th 50/56/53 29.5/29.4/29.4 ENE Heavy rain nearly all day
19th 57/65/47 29.4/29.4/29.6 WNW Cloudy - clear and fine
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1859/06: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Utilized
the northern wind-pressure relationship for hurricanes from ship on 6th.
Ship with central pressure observation of 938 mb gives 105 kt, used 110 kt in
best track - supporting major hurricane status of this storm.
********************************************************************************
1859/07: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Inland
winds over Florida reduced via methodology of Kaplan and DeMaria's (1995)
inland decay model.
********************************************************************************
1859/08: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz's (1995a) analysis. Pressure
reading of 989 mb not in hurricane's center (on 12 UTC, 28th of October)
suggests winds of at least 65 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure
relationship - 80 kt chosen for best track, supporting hurricane status
for this storm.
********************************************************************************