1880/01: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1995b). Track Unaltered from Neumann et al. (1993). Inland decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over Texas. The best track provided appears to describe the full life cycle of this tropical cyclone (from its formation as a tropical storm until its dissipation below tropical storm intensity).
1880/02: No major changes from Partagas
and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown
in Neumann et al. (1993). Estimate
from Ho (1989) of 931 mb at landfall in
Mexico just south of the United States-Mexico border corresponds to 128
kt from the Gulf of Mexico pressure-wind relationship - 130 kt chosen for
best track. This, along with the extreme destruction in Matamoros,
Mexico and Port Isabell and Brazos, Texas, is the basis for determining
that this storm reached major hurricane intensity. When the hurricane
crossed into the United States at
about 06 UTC on the 13th of August, it is estimated that the central
pressure had filled to 943 mb which corresponds to 117 kt - 110 kt chosen
for best track because hurricane was inland by this point. Inland
decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria
(1995) utilized for inland winds over Mexico and Texas. The best
track provided appears to describe the full life cycle of this tropical
cyclone (from its formation as a tropical storm to its peak as a major
hurricane until its dissipation below tropical storm intensity).
1880/03: No major changes from Partagas
and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown
in Neumann et al. (1993). 987
mb central pressure corresponds to 68 kt from the southern wind-pressure
relationship - 70 kt chosen for best track. 980 mb central pressure
corresponds to 78 kt from the southern wind-pressure relationship - 80
kt chosen for best track. 992 mb central pressure corresponds to
61 kt from the southern wind-pressure relationship - 60 kt chosen for best
track. The observations of winds and central pressures of 987 mb
and 980 mb from Jamaica and Cuba are the basis for determination that this
storm reached hurricane intensity. The best track provided appears
to describe the full life cycle of this tropical cyclone (from its
formation as a tropical storm to its peak as a hurricane until its
dissipation below tropical storm intensity).
1880/04: Only major change from Partagas
and Diaz (1995) is to remove the track from September 2nd as the storm
is determined to have decayed below tropical storm strength by then.
The track
is otherwise unchanged from that of Partagas
and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably of Neumann
et al. (1993). 972 mb central pressure corresponds to 84 kt from
the subtropical latitude wind-
pressure relationship - 90 kt chosen for best track. A pressure
reading of 999 mb not in the storm's center (at 18 UTC on the 25th of August)
suggests winds of at least 50 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure
relationship - 60 kt used in best track. A pressure reading of 993
mb not in the hurricane's center (at 12 UTC on the 31st of August) suggests
winds of at least 58 kt from the Gulf of Mexico wind-pressure relationship
- 70 kt chosen for best track. Inland decay model of Kaplan
and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over the S.E. United States.
Storm is determined to be a hurricane based upon several ship reports and
pressure measurements both in the Atlantic and again in the Gulf of Mexico.
1880/05: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown in Neumann et al. (1993). A pressure reading of 987 mb not in the hurricane's center (at 06 UTC on the 30th of August) suggests winds of at least 67 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship - 70 kt chosen for best track. 977 mb central pressure corresponds to 79 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship - 80 kt chosen for best track. Storm is determined to have reached hurricane intensity based upon several ship reports and pressure measurements.
1880/06: No major changes from this newly documented storm from Partagas and Diaz (1995). 987 mb central pressure corresponds to 67 kt from the subtropical wind-pressure relationship - 70 kt chosen for best track. Inland decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over Florida. Storm determined to have reached hurricane intensity based upon central pressure reading, destruction at Cape Henry, Virginia and reports from the ship "T.H.A. Pitts".
1880/07: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown in Neumann et al. (1993). Pressure reading of 982 mb (at 12 UTC on the 8th of September) not in the hurricane's center suggests winds of at least 73 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship - 80 kt chosen for best track. Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon peripheral pressure reading and wind reports from several ships.
1880/08: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown in Neumann et al. (1993). 928 mb central pressure (twice) corresponds to 118 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship - 120 kt chosen for best track. The storm is determined to have reached major hurricane intensity based upon these two central pressure measurements.
1880/09: No major changes from Partagas and Diaz (1995b), who altered the track reasonably from that shown in Neumann et al. (1993). Inland decay model of Kaplan and DeMaria (1995) utilized for inland winds over Florida. The storm is determined to have reached hurricane intensity both in the Gulf of Mexico and again over the Atlantic based upon several ship observations.
1880/10: No major changes from this newly documented hurricane
from Partagas and Diaz (1995).
970 mb central pressure corresponds to 85 kt from the subtropical latitude
wind-pressure relationship -
80 kt chosen due to cooler SSTs in October. 979 mb central pressure
corresponds to 76 kt from the subtropical latitude wind-pressure relationship
- 70 kt chosen partially due to cooler SSTs in October.
Storm is determined to have reached hurricane status based upon these
central pressure readings and several ship reports.
1880/11: No major changes from Partagas
and Diaz (1995b), except to add 12 and 18 UTC positions for the 20th
of October to accommodate beginning of track portrayed. Track otherwise
unaltered from Neumann et al. (1993).
991 mb central pressure corresponds to 61 kt from the northern wind-pressure
relationship - 60 kt chosen. The best track provided appears to describe
the full life cycle of this tropical cyclone (from its formation as a tropical
storm until its dissipation as an extratropical storm).