Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory of NOAA

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Dr. Richard H. (Rik) WANNINKHOF
Ocean Chemistry Division
phone: 305-361-4379
fax: 305-361-4429
Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov

NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149

Click here for Related Publications

Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, R.H. Byrne, F.J. Millero, A.G. Dickson, R. Wanninkhof, A. Murata, L.A. Miller, and D. Greeley. Decadal changes in the aragonite and calcite saturation state of the Pacific Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26:GB3001, 15 pp., doi:10.1029/2011GB004157 2012
Ref. 2703
Park, G.-H., and R. Wanninkhof. A large increase of the CO₂ sink in the western tropical North Atlantic from 2002-2009. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117:C08029, 10 pp., doi:10.1029/2011JC007803 2012
Ref. 2751
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S. Khatiwala, and G.-H. Park. Global oceans: Global ocean carbon cycle. In State of the Climate in 2011, J. Blunden and D.S. Arndt (eds.). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(7):S84-S89, 2012
Ref. 2709
Ho, D.T., C.L. Sabine, D. Hebert, D.S. Ullmann, R. Wanninkhof, R.C. Hamme, P.G. Strutton, B. Hales, J.B. Edson, and B.R. Hargreaves. Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: Setting the stage. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116:C00F08, 19 pp., doi:10.1029/2010JC006852 2011
Ref. 6
Barbero, L., J. Boutin, L. Merlivat, N. Martin, T. Takahashi, S.C. Sutherland, and R. Wanninkhof. Importance of water mass formation regions for the air-sea CO₂ flux estimate in the Southern Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25:GB1005, 16 pp., doi:10.1029/2010GB003818 2011
Ref. 69
Bender, M.L., S. Kinter, N. Cassar, and R. Wanninkhof. Evaluating gas transfer velocity parameterizations using upper ocean radon distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116:C02010, 11 pp., doi:10.1029/2009JC005805 2011
Ref. 72
Goodkin, N.F., N.M. Levine, S.C. Doney, and R. Wanninkhof. Impacts of temporal CO₂ and climate trends on the detection of ocean anthropogenic CO₂ accumulation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25:GB3023, 11 pp., doi:10.1029/2010GB004009 2011
Ref. 64
Ho, D.T., R. Wanninkhof, P. Schlosser, D.S. Ullman, D. Hebert, and K.F. Sullivan. Towards a universal relationship between wind speed and gas exchange: Gas transfer velocities measured with ³He/SF₆ during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116:C00F04, 13 pp., doi:10.1029/2010JC006854 2011
Ref. 32
Levine, N.M., S.C. Doney, I. Lima, R. Wanninkhof, N.R. Bates, and R.A. Feely. The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the uptake and accumulation of anthropogenic CO₂ by North Atlantic Ocean mode waters. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25:GB3022, 15 pp., doi:10.1029/2010GB003892 2011
Ref. 37
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S. Khatiwala, and G.-H. Park. Global oceans: The global ocean carbon cycle. In State of the Climate in 2010, J. Blunden, D.S. Arndt, and M.O. Baringer (eds.). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92(6):S100-S105, doi:10.1175/1520-0477-92.6.S1 2011
Ref. 95
Wanninkhof, R., G.-H. Park, and G. Berberian. Oxygen Winkler titrations by NOAA/AOML in support of Deepwater Horizon spill monitoring. NOAA Technical Memorandum, OAR AOML-99, 15 pp., 2011
Ref. 106
Wanninkhof, R., G.-H. Park, D. Chelton, and C. Risien. Impact of small-scale variability on air-sea CO₂ fluxes. In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, S. Komori, W. McGillis, and R. Kurose (eds.). Kyoto University Press, Kyoto, 431-444, 2011
Ref. 46
Metzl, N., A. Corbiere, G. Reverdin, A. Lenton, T. Takahashi, A. Olsen, T. Johannessen, D. Pierrot, R. Wanninkhof, S.R. Olafsdottir, J. Olafsson, and M. Ramonet. Recent acceleration of the sea surface fCO₂ growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008) revealed by winter observations. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24:GB4004, 13 pp., doi:10.1029/2009GB003658 2010
Ref. 122
Park, G.-H., R. Wanninkhof, S.C. Doney, T. Takahashi, K. Lee, R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, J. Trinanes, and I.D. Lima. Variability of global net sea-air CO₂ fluxes over the last three decades using empirical relationships. Tellus B, 62(5):352-368, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00498.x 2010
Ref. 124
Wanninkhof, R., S.C. Doney, J.L. Bullister, N.M. Levine, M. Warner, and N. Gruber. Detecting anthropogenic CO₂ changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean between 1989 and 2005. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115:C11028, 25 pp., doi:10.1029/2010JC006251 2010
Ref. 131
Borges, A.V., S.R. Alin, F.P. Chavez, P. Vlahos, K.S. Johnson, J.T. Holt, W.M. Balch, N. Bates, R. Brainard, W.-J. Cai, C.T.A. Chen, K. Currie, M. Dai, M. DeGrandpre, B. Delille, A. Dickson, W. Evans, R.A. Feely, G.E. Friederich, G.-C. Gong, B. Hales, N. Hardman-Mountford, J. Hendee, J.M. Hernandez-Ayon, M. Hood, E. Huertas, D. Hydes, D. Ianson, E. Krasakopoulou, E. Litt, A. Luchetta, J. Mathis, W.R. McGillis, A. Murata, J. Newton, J. Olafsson, A. Omar, F.F. Perez, C. Sabine, J.E. Salisbury, R. Salm, V.V.S.S. Sarma, B. Schneider, M. Sigler, H. Thomas, D. Turk, D. Vandemark, R. Wanninkhof, and B. Ward. A global sea surface carbon observing system: Inorganic and organic carbon dynamics in coastal oceans. In Proceedings, OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Volume 2), Venice, Italy, September 21-25, 2009, J. Hall, D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer (eds.). ESA Publication, WPP-306, 20 pp., doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.07 2010
Ref. 147
Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, R. Wanninkhof, S.R. Alin, E. Jewett, D.K. Gledhill, J. Dunne, P. McElhany, A.J. Sutton, D.S. Busch, F. Arzayus, B. Sunda, J. Geubtner, J. Hare, O. Vetter, and S. Hankin. Rationale and strategy for a national ocean acidification program, pp. 3-29. In NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research and Implementation Plan, A.J. Sutton (ed.). NOAA Special Report, 143 pp., 2010
Ref. 168
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, J. Stein, M.F. Sigler, E. Jewett, F. Arzayus, and D.K. Gledhill (NOAA Ocean Acidification Steering Committee). NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research and Implementation Plan. NOAA Special Report, 143 pp., 2010
Ref. 169
Garzoli, S.L., O. Boebel, H. Bryden, R.A. Fine, M. Fukasawa, S. Gladyshev, G. Johnson, M. Johnson, A. MacDonald, C.S. Meinen, H. Mercier, A. Orsi, A. Piola, S. Rintoul, S. Speich, M. Visbeck, and R. Wanninkhof. Progressing towards global sustained deep ocean observations. In Proceedings, OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Volume 2), Venice, Italy, September 21-25, 2009, J. Hall, D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer (eds.). ESA Publication, WPP-306,12 pp., doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.34 2010
Ref. 172
Gledhill, D.K., T. Goedeke, K. Helmle, J. Hendee, A. Hilting, E. Jewett, B. Keller, D. Manzello, M. Miller, E. Rule, B. Sunda, and R. Wanninkhof. Southeast Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico region ocean acidification research implementation plan, pp. 77-91. In NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Implementation Plan, A.J. Sutton (ed.). NOAA Special Report, 143 pp., 2010
Ref. 174
Juranek, L.W., R.C. Hamme, J. Kaiser, R. Wanninkhof, and P.D. Quay. Evidence of O₂ consumption in underway seawater lines: Implications for air-sea O₂ and CO₂ fluxes. Geophysical Research Letters, 37:L01601, 5 pp., doi:10.1029/2009GL040423 2010
Ref. 183
Keul, N., J.W. Morse, R. Wanninkhof, D.K. Gledhill, and T.S. Bianchi. Carbonate chemistry dynamics of surface waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Geochemistry, 16(3):337-351, doi:10.1007/s10498-010-9091-2 2010
Ref. 189
Monteiro, P.M.S., U. Schuster, M. Hood, A. Lenton, M. Metzl, A. Olsen, K. Rogers, C. Sabine, T. Takahashi, B. Tilbrook, J. Yoder, R. Wanninkhof, and A.J. Watson. A global sea surface carbon observing system: Assessment of changing sea surface CO₂ and air-sea CO₂ fluxes. In Proceedings, OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Volume 2), Venice, Italy, September 21-25, 2009, J. Hall, D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer (eds.). ESA Publication, WPP-306, 13 pp., doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.64 2010
Ref. 204
Park, G.-H., R. Wanninkhof, and J. Trinanes. Procedures to create near real-time seasonal air-sea CO₂ flux maps. NOAA Technical Memorandum, OAR AOML-98, 14 pp., 2010
Ref. 208
Peng, T.-H., and R. Wanninkhof. Increase of anthropogenic CO₂ in the Atlantic Ocean in the last two decades. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 57(6):755-770, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.008 2010
Ref. 209
Pierrot, D., P. Brown, S. Van Heuven, T. Tanhua, U. Schuster, R. Wanninkhof, and R.M. Key. CARINA TCO₂ data in the Atlantic Ocean. Earth System Science Data, 2(2):177-187, doi:10.5194/essd-2-177-2010 2010
Ref. 211
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S. Khatiwala, and G.-H. Park. The global ocean carbon cycle. In State of the Climate in 2009, D.S. Arndt, M.O. Baringer, and M.R. Johnson (eds.). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91(7):71-75, 2010
Ref. 222
Tanhua, T., R. Steinfeldt, R.M. Key, P. Brown, N. Gruber, R. Wanninkhof, F. Perez, A. Kortzinger, A. Velo, U. Schuster, S. van Heuven, J.L. Bullister, I. Stendardo, M. Hoppema, A. Olsen, A. Kozyr, D. Pierrot, C. Schirnick, and D.W.R. Wallace. Atlantic Ocean CARINA data: Overview and salinity adjustments. Earth System Science Data, 2(1):17-34, doi:10.5194/essd-2-17-2010 2010
Ref. 231
Gledhill, D.K., R. Wanninkhof, and C.M. Eakin. Observing ocean acidification from space. Oceanography, 22(4):48-60, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.96 2009
Ref. 283
Watson, A.J., U. Schuster, D.C.E. Bakker, N.R. Bates, A. Corbiere, M. Gonzalez-Davila, T. Friedrich, J. Hauck, C. Heinze, T. Johannessen, A. Kortzinger, N. Metzl, J. Olafsson, A. Olsen, A. Oschlies, X.A. Padin, B. Pfeil, J.M. Santana-Casiano, T. Steinhoff, M. Telszewski, A.F. Rios, D.W.R. Wallace, and R. Wanninkhof. Tracking the variable North Atlantic sink for atmospheric CO₂. Science, 326(5958):1391-1393, doi:10.1126/science.1177394 2009
Ref. 348
Chierici, M., A. Olsen, T. Johannessen, J. Trinanes, and R. Wanninkhof. Algorithms to estimate the carbon dioxide uptake in the northern North Atlantic using shipboard observations, satellite, and ocean analysis data. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 56(8-10):630-639, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.014 2009
Ref. 264
Dickey, T., N. Bates, R.H. Byrne, G. Chang, F.P. Chavez, R.A. Feely, A.K. Hanson, D.M. Karl, D. Manov, C. Moore, C.L. Sabine, and R. Wanninkhof. The NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN projects: Advanced sensing for ocean observing systems. Oceanography, 22(2):168-181, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.47 2009
Ref. 269
Doney, S.C., I. Lima, R.A. Feely, D.M. Glover, K. Lindsay, N. Mahowald, J.K. Moore, and R. Wanninkhof. Mechanisms governing interannual variability in upper-ocean inorganic carbon system and air-sea CO₂ fluxes: Physical climate and atmospheric dust. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 56(8-10):640-655, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.006 2009
Ref. 270
Pierrot, D., C. Neil, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lueger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R.A. Feely, and C.E. Cosca. Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO₂ measuring systems and data reduction routines. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 56(8-10):512-522, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 2009
Ref. 319
Rodgers, K.B., R.M. Key, A. Gnanadesikan, J.L. Sarmiento, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S.C. Doney, J.P. Dunne, D.M. Glover, A. Ishida, M. Ishii, A.R. Jacobson, C.L. Monaco, E. Maier-Reimer, H. Mercier, N. Metzl, F.F. Perez, A.F. Rios, R. Wanninkhof, P. Wetzel, C.D. Winn, and Y. Yamanaka. Using altimetry to help to explain patchy changes in hydrographic carbon measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(C9):C09013, 20 pp., doi:10.1029/2008JC005183 2009
Ref. 323
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, and T. Takahashi. The global ocean carbon cycle. In State of the Climate in 2008. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90(8):S65-S68, doi:10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate 2009
Ref. 328
Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R.A. Feely, D.W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, C. Sabine, A. Watson, D.C.E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, Y. Nojiri, A. Kortzinger, T. Steinhoff, M. Hoppema, J. Olafsson, T.S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. Bellerby, C.S. Wong, B. Delille, N.R. Bates, and H.J.W. de Baar. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO₂ and net sea-air CO₂ flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 56(8-10):554-577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 2009
Ref. 336
Telszewski, M., A. Chazottes, U. Schuster, A.J. Watson, C. Moulin, D.C.E. Bakker, M. Gonzalez-Davila, T. Johannessen, A. Kortzinger, H. Lueger, A. Olsen, A. Omar, X.A. Padin, A.F. Rios, T. Steinhoff, M.Santana-Casiano, D.W.R. Wallace, and R. Wanninkhof. Estimating the monthly pCO₂ distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network. Biogeosciences, 6(8):1405-1421, doi:10.5194/bg-6-1405-2009 2009
Ref. 338
Wanninkhof, R., W.E. Asher, D.T. Ho, C.S. Sweeney, and W.R. McGillis. Advances in quantifying air-sea gas exchange and environmental forcing. Annual Reviews in Marine Science, 1:213-244, doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163742 2009
Ref. 347
Gledhill, D.K., R. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, and M. Eakin. Ocean acidification of the greater Caribbean region, 1996-2006. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(C10):C10031, 11 pp., doi:10.1029/2007JC004629 2008
Ref. 380
Jiang, L.-Q., W.-J. Cai, R. Wanninkhof, Y. Wang, and H. Lueger. Air-sea CO₂ fluxes on the U.S. South Atlantic Bight: Spatial and seasonal variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(C7):C07019, 17 pp., doi:10.1029/2007JC004366 2008
Ref. 393
Levine, N.M., S.C. Doney, R. Wanninkhof, K. Lindsay, and I.Y. Fung. Impact of ocean carbon system variability on the detection of temporal increases in anthropogenic CO₂. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(C3):C03019, 16 pp., doi:10.1029/2007JC004153 2008
Ref. 403
Lueger, H., R. Wanninkhof, A. Olsen, J. Trinanes, T. Johannessen, D.W.R. Wallace, and A. Kortzinger. The sea-air CO₂ flux in the North Atlantic estimated from satellite and Argo profiling float data. NOAA Technical Memorandum, OAR AOML-96, 28 pp., 2008
Ref. 409
Park, G.-H., K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, J.-Z. Zhang, D.A. Hansell, and R.A. Feely. Large, non-Redfieldian drawdown of nutrients and carbon in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean (46°N): Evidence for dinitrogen fixation? Limnology and Oceanography, 53(5):1697-1704, doi:10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1697 2008
Ref. 430
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, and T. Takahashi. The global ocean carbon cycle. In State of the Climate in 2007, D.H. Levinson and J.H. Lawrimore (eds.). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 89(7):S52-S56, doi:10.1175/BAMS-89-7-StateoftheClimate 2008
Ref. 438
Chavez, F.P., T. Takahashi, W.-J. Cai, G. Friederich, B. Hales, R. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely. Coastal oceans, pp. 157-166. In The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, A.W. King, L. Dilling, G.P. Zimmerman, D.M. Fairman, R.A. Houghton, G. Marland, A.Z. Rose, and T.J. Wilbanks (eds.) NOAA-National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA, 264 pp., 2007
Ref. 474
Borges, A.V., and R. Wanninkhof. Preface: 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, Liege, Belgium, May 2-6, 2005, 5th International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. Journal of Marine Systems, 66(1-4):1-3 , 2007
Ref. 469
Broecker, W.S., and R. Wanninkhof. Mono Lake radiocarbon: The mystery deepens. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 88(12):141-142 , 2007
Ref. 471
McGillis, W.R., J.H. Dacey, J.D. Ware, D.T. Ho, J.T. Bent, W.E. Asher, C.J. Zappa, P.A. Raymond, R. Wanninkhof, and S. Komori. Air-water reconciliation between the atmospheric CO₂ profile and mass balance techniques.. In Transport at the Air-Sea Interface: Measurements, Models, and Parameterizations, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 181-192 , 2007
Ref. 508
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof. Global oceans: Global ocean carbon cycle.. In State of the Climate in 2006. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88(6):S40-S43 , 2007
Ref. 517
Sweeney, C., E. Gloor, A.R. Jacobson, R.M. Key, G. McKinley, J.L. Sarmiento, and R. Wanninkhof. Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO₂ with recent bomb 14C measurements. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21(2):GB2015, doi:10.1029/2006GB002784 2007
Ref. 522
Wang, Z.A., X. Liu, R.H. Byrne, R. Wanninkhof, R.E. Bernstein, E.A. Kaltenbacher, and J. Patten. Simultaneous spectrophotometric flow-through measurements of pH, carbon dioxide fugacity, and total inorganic carbon in seawater. Analytica Chimica Acta, 596(1):23-36 , 2007
Ref. 532
Wanninkhof, R. The impact of different gas exchange formulations and wind speed products on global air-sea CO₂ fluxes. . In Transport at the Air-Sea Interface: Measurements, Models, and Parameterizations, Springer-Verlag, 1-23 , 2007
Ref. 533
Wanninkhof, R., A. Olsen, and J.A. Trinanes. Air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the Caribbean Sea from 2002-2004. Journal of Marine Systems, 66(1-4):272-284 , 2007
Ref. 534
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C.L. Sabine, G.C. Johnson, M.O. Baringer, J. Bullister, C.W. Mordy, and J.-Z. Zhang. Global repeat hydrographic/CO₂/tracer surveys in support of CLIVAR and global carbon cycle objectives: Carbon inventories and fluxes, pp. 196-205.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2005), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 337 pp. , 2006
Ref. 573
Feely, R.A., T. Takahashi, R.H. Wanninkhof, M.J. McPhaden, C.E. Cosca, S.C. Sutherland, and M.-E. Carr. Decadal variability of the air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C8):C08S90, doi:10.1029/2005JC003129 2006
Ref. 574
Lee, K., L.T. Tong, F.J. Millero, C.L. Sabine, A.G. Dickson, C. Goyet, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, and R.M. Key. Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters of the world's oceans. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(19):L19605, doi:10.1029/2006GL027207 2006
Ref. 594
Lueger, H., R.H. Wanninkhof, D.W.R. Wallace, and A. Kortzinger. CO₂ fluxes in the subtropical and subarctic North Atlantic based on measurements from a volunteer observing ship. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(6):C06024, doi:10.1029/2005JC003101 2006
Ref. 601
McGillis, W.R., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Aqueous CO₂ gradients for air-sea flux estimates. Marine Chemistry, 98(1):100-108 , 2006
Ref. 610
Park, G.-H., K. Lee, R.H. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely. Empirical temperature-based estimates of variability in the oceanic uptake of CO₂ over the past two decades. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C7):C07S07, doi:10.1029/2005JC003090 2006
Ref. 620
Russell, J.L., C. Sweeney, A. Gnanadesikan, R.A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof. Optimal network design to detect spatial patterns and variability of ocean carbon sources and sinks from underway surface pCO₂ measurements, pp. 229-231.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2005), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 337 pp. , 2006
Ref. 631
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof. The global ocean carbon cycle: Inventories, sources, and sinks, pp. 97-104.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2005), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 337 pp. , 2006
Ref. 632
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Global oceans: Ocean carbon.. In State of the Climate in 2005, K.A. Shein, A.M. Waple, H.J. Diamond, and J.M. Levy. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87(6):S29-S30 , 2006
Ref. 633
Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, R.A. Feely, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Decadal change of the surface water pCO₂ in the North Pacific: A synthesis of 35 years of observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C7):C07S05, doi:10.1029/2005JC003074 2006
Ref. 643
Wanninkhof, R., R.A. Feely, N.R. Bates, F.J. Millero, T. Takahashi, and S. Cook. Document ocean carbon sources and sinks: Surface water pCO₂ measurements from ships, pp. 207-215.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2005), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 337 pp. , 2006
Ref. 654
Arnold, W.S., G.L. Hitchcock, M.E. Frischer, R. Wanninkhof, and Y.P. Sheng. Dispersal of an introduced larval cohort in a coastal lagoon. Limnology and Oceanography, 50(2):587-597 , 2005
Ref. 660
Feely, R.A., and R. Wanninkhof. Global repeat hydrographic/CO₂/tracer surveys in support of CLIVAR and global carbon cycle objectives: Carbon inventories and fluxes, pp. 149-168.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2004), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 422 pp. , 2005
Ref. 681
Feely, R.A., and R. Wanninkhof. The global ocean carbon cycle: Inventories, sources, and sinks, pp. 42-56. . In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2004), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 422 pp. , 2005
Ref. 682
Feely, R.A., L.D. Talley, G.C. Johnson, C.L. Sabine, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Repeat hydrography cruises reveal chemical changes in the North Atlantic. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 86(42):399, 404-405 , 2005
Ref. 683
McNeil, C., D. Katz, R. Wanninkhof, and B. Johnson. Continuous shipboard sampling of gas tension, oxygen, and nitrogen. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 52(9):1767-1785 , 2005
Ref. 710
Olsen, A., R. Wanninkhof, J.A. Trinanes, and T. Johannessen. The effect of wind speed products and wind speed-gas exchange relationships on interannual variability of the air-sea CO₂ gas transfer velocity. Tellus B, 57(2):95-106 , 2005
Ref. 719
Peltola, E., R. Wanninkhof, R. Feely, R. Castle, D. Greeley, J.-Z. Zhang, F. Millero, N. Gruber, J. Bullister, and T. Graham. Inorganic carbon, nutrient, and oxygen data from the R/V Ronald H. Brown Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean: CLIVAR CO₂ section A16N_2003a (4 June-11 August 2003) Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, ORNL/CDIAC-149, NDP-085, 36 pp. , 2005
Ref. 722
Sabine, C.L., R.M. Key, A. Kozyr, R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, J.L. Bullister, and K. Lee. Global ocean data analysis project (GLODAP): Results and data. Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, ORNL/CDIAC-145, NDP-083, 110 pp. , 2005
Ref. 728
Wanninkhof, R., R.A. Feely, N.R. Bates, F.J. Millero, T. Takahashi, and S.K. Cook. Document ocean carbon sources and sinks, pp. 254-262.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and Ocean Observing System for Climate (FY-2004), NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 422 pp. , 2005
Ref. 740
Wanninkhof, R.H., K.F. Sullivan, W.P. Dammann, J.R. Proni, F. Bloetscher, A.V. Soloviev, and T.P. Carsey. Farfield tracing of a point source discharge plume in the coastal ocean using sulfur hexafluoride. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(22):8883-8890 , 2005
Ref. 741
Wanninkhof, R.H., S.C. Doney, E. Peltola, R.D. Castle, F.J. Millero, J.L. Bullister, D.A. Hansell, M.J. Warner, C. Langdon, G.C. Johnson, and C.W. Mordy. Carbon dioxide, hydrographic, and chemical data obtained during the R/V Ronald H. Brown Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean: CLIVAR CO₂ section A16S_2005 (11 January-24 February 2005) Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge, TN, ORNL/CDIAC-151, NDP-087, 38 pp. , 2005
Ref. 742
Coale, K.H., K.S. Johnson, F.P. Chavez, K.O. Buesseler, R.T. Barber, M.A. Brzezinski, W.P. Cochlan, F.J. Millero, P.G. Falkowski, J.E. Bauer, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.M. Kudela, M.A. Altabet, B.E. Hales, T. Takahashi, M.R. Landry, R.R. Bidigare, X. Wang, Z. Chase, P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, M.Y. Gorbunov, V.P. Lance, A.K. Hilting, M.R. Hiscock, M. Demarest, W.T. Hiscock, K.F. Sullivan, S.J. Tanner, R.M. Gordon, C.N. Hunter, V.A. Elrod, S.E. Fitzwater, J.L. Jones, S. Tozzi, M. Koblizek, A.E. Roberts, J. Herndon, J. Brewster, N. Ladizinsky, G. Smith, D. Cooper, D. Timothy, S.L. Brown, K.E. Selph, C.C. Sheridan, B.S. Twining, and Z.I. Johnson. Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon cycling in high and low Si waters. Science, 304(5669):408-414 , 2004
Ref. 757
DeGrandpre, M.D., R.H. Wanninkhof, W.R. McGillis, and P.G. Strutton. A Lagrangian study of surface pCO₂ dynamics in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S07, doi:10.1029/2003JC002089 2004
Ref. 759
Feely, R.A., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Document ocean carbon sources and sinks, pp. 118-120.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 307 pp. , 2004
Ref. 766
Feely, R.A., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Global repeat hydrographic/CO₂/tracer surveys in support of CLIVAR and global carbon cycle objectives, pp. 121-129.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, NOAA Office of Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 307 pp. , 2004
Ref. 767
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, W.R. McGillis, M.-E. Carr, and C.E. Cosca. Effects of wind speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S03, doi:10.1029/2003JC001896 2004
Ref. 768
Hare, J.E., C.W. Fairall, W.R. McGillis, J.B. Edson, B. Ward, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Evaluation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Coupled-Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment (NOAA/COARE) air-sea gas transfer parameterization using GasEx data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S11, doi:10.1029/2003JC001831 2004
Ref. 784
Key, R.M., A. Kozyr, C.L. Sabine, K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, J.L. Bullister, R.A. Feely, F.J. Millero, C. Mordy, and T.-H. Peng. A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP). Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(4):GB40301, doi:10.1029/2004GB002247 2004
Ref. 797
McGillis, W.R., J.B. Edson, C.J. Zappa, J.D. Ware, S.P. McKenna, E.A. Terray, J.E. Hare, C.W. Fairall, W. Drennan, M. Donelan, M.D. DeGrandpre, R.H. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely. Air-sea CO₂ exchange in the equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S02, doi:10.1029/2003JC002256 2004
Ref. 808
McGillis, W.R., W.E. Asher, R.H. Wanninkhof, A.T. Jessup, and R.A. Feely. Introduction to special section: Air-sea exchange. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S01, doi:10.1029/2004JC002605 2004
Ref. 809
Olsen, A., J.A. Trinanes, and R. Wanninkhof. Sea-air flux of CO₂ in the Caribbean Sea estimated using in situ and remote sensing data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 89(3):309-325 , 2004
Ref. 814
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, N. Gruber, R.M. Key, K. Lee, J.L. Bullister, R.H. Wanninkhof, C.S. Wong, D.W.R. Wallace, B. Tilbrook, F.J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, T. Ono, and A.F. Rios. The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂. Science, 305(5682):367-371 , 2004
Ref. 821
Wanninkhof, R.H., and F.J. Millero. Sea keepers network to study sea's role in absorbing greenhouse gases. Showboats International (January issue), 71 , 2004
Ref. 835
Wanninkhof, R.H., and R.A. Feely. Observing the global oceanic carbon cycle, pp. 12-28.. In Annual Report on the State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, NOAA Officeof Climate Observation, Silver Spring, MD, 307 pp. , 2004
Ref. 836
Wanninkhof, R.H., K.F. Sullivan, and Z. Top. Air-sea gas transfer in the Southern Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S19, doi:10.1029/2003JC001767 2004
Ref. 837
Ward, B., R.H. Wanninkhof, P.J. Minnett, and M.J. Head. SkinDeEP: A profiling instrument for upper-decameter sea surface measurements. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 21(2):207-222 , 2004
Ref. 838
Ward, B., R.H. Wanninkhof, W.R. McGillis, A.T. Jessup, M.D. DeGrandpre, J.E. Hare, and J.B. Edson. Biases in the air-sea flux of CO₂ resulting from ocean surface temperature gradients. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C8):C08S08, doi:10.1029/2003JC001800 2004
Ref. 839
Chung, S.-N., K. Lee, R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, F.J. Millero, R.H. Wanninkhof, J.L. Bullister, R.M. Key, and T.-H. Peng. Calcium carbonate budget in the Atlantic Ocean based on water column inorganic carbon chemistry. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4):1093, doi:10.1029/2002GB002001 2003
Ref. 857
Crusius, J., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Gas transfer velocities measured at low wind speed over a lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 48(3):1010-1017 , 2003
Ref. 859
Lee, K., S.-D. Choi, G.-H. Park, R.H. Wanninkhof, T.-H. Peng, R.M. Key, C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, J.L. Bullister, F.J. Millero, and A. Kozyr. An updated anthropogenic CO₂ inventory in the Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4):1116, doi:10.1029/2003GB002067 2003
Ref. 891
Macdonald, A.M., M.O. Baringer, R. Wanninkhof, K. Lee, and D.W.R. Wallace. A 1998-1992 comparison of inorganic carbon and its transport across 24.5°N in the Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 50(22-26):3041-3064 , 2003
Ref. 898
McGillis, W.R., and R.H. Wanninkhof. SOLAS (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study) holds first international summer school. U.S. JGOFS Newsletter, 12(3):14-15, 2003
Ref. 904
Peng, T.-H., R. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely. Increase of anthropogenic CO₂ in the Pacific Ocean over the last two decades. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 50(22-26):3065-3082 , 2003
Ref. 913
Wallace, D.W.R., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Ocean-atmosphere exchange and earth-system biogeochemistry.. In Marine Science Frontiers for Europe, Springer, Berlin, 107-129 , 2003
Ref. 930
Wanninkhof, R.H., T.-H. Peng, B. Huss, C.L. Sabine, and K. Lee. Comparison of inorganic carbon system parameters measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and recommended adjustments. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Data Report, ORNL/CDIAC-140, 43 pp. , 2003
Ref. 932
Asher, W., J. Edson, W.R. McGillis, R.H. Wanninkhof, D.T. Ho, and T. Litchendorf. Fractional area whitecap coverage and air-sea gas transfer velocities measured during GasEx-98. . In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. AGU Geophysical Series, Volume 127 (ISBN 0875909868), 199-203 , 2002
Ref. 938
Bender, M., S. Doney, R.A. Feely, I. Fung, N. Gruber, D.E. Harrison, R. Keeling, J.K. Moore, J. Sarmiento, E. Sarachik, B. Stephens, T. Takahashi, P. Tans, and R.H. WANNINKHOF. A large-scale CO₂ observing plan: In situ oceans and atmosphere (LSCOP). NOAA/OAR Special Report (PB2003-100377), 201 pp. , 2002
Ref. 941
Donelan, M.A., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Gas transfer at water surfaces: Concepts and issues.. In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 127 (ISBN 0875909868), 1-10 , 2002
Ref. 955
Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D.J. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Seasonal and interannual variability of CO₂ in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 49(13-14):2443-2469 , 2002
Ref. 969
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, D.A. Hansell, M.F. Lamb, D. Greeley, and K. Lee. Water column CO₂ measurements during the GasEx-98 Expedition. . In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 127 (ISBN 0875909868), 173-180 , 2002
Ref. 970
Lamb, M.F., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.M. Key, G.C. Johnson, F.J. Millero, K. LEE, T.-H. PENG, A. Kozyr, J.L. Bullister, D. Greeley, R.H. Byrne, D.W. Chipman, A.G. Dickson, C. Goyet, P.R. Guenther, M. Ishii, K.M. Johnson, C.D. Keeling, T. Ono, K. Shitashima, T. Tilbrook, T. Takahashi, D.W.R. Wallace, Y.W. Watanabe, C. Winn, and C.S. Wong. Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO₂ survey data. Deep-SeaResearch, Part II, 49(1-3):21-58 , 2002
Ref. 992
Lee, K., D.M. Karl, R. Wanninkhof, and J.-Z. Zhang. Global estimates of net carbon production in the nitrate-depleted tropical and subtropical oceans. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(19):1907, doi:10.1029/2001GL014198 2002
Ref. 995
Macdonald, A.M., M.O. Baringer, K. Lee, D.W. Wallace, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Subtropical Atlantic carbon transport. International WOCE Newsletter, 42:14-19 , 2002
Ref. 999
Macdonald, A.M., R.H. Wanninkhof, M.O. Baringer, P.E. Robbins, and D.W. Wallace. Oceanic biogeochemical fluxes: A summary of the JGOFS portion of the WOCE/JGOFS Transport Workshop, Southampton, June 25-29, 2001. International WOCE Newsletter, 42:20-21 , 2002
Ref. 1000
Millero, F.J., D. Pierrot, K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, R.M. Key, and T. Takahashi. Dissociation constants for carbonic acid determined from field measurements. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 49(10):1705-1723 , 2002
Ref. 1005
Soloviev, A., J. Edson, W.R. McGillis, P. Schluessel, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Fine thermohaline structure and gas exchange in the near-surface layer of the ocean during GasEx-98. . In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 127 (ISBN 0875909868), 181-185 , 2002
Ref. 1029
Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tillbrook, N. Bates, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, J. Olafsson, and Y. Nojiri. Global sea-air CO₂ flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO₂ and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 49(9-10):1601-1622 , 2002
Ref. 1032
Wanninkhof, R.H., S.C. Doney, T. Takahashi, and W.R. McGillis. The effect of using time-averaged winds on regional air-sea CO₂ fluxes. . In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 127 (ISBN 0875909868), 351-356 , 2002
Ref. 1041
Zhang, J.-Z., G.A. Berberian, and R. Wanninkhof. Long-term storage of natural water samples for dissolved oxygen determination. Water Research, 36(16):4165-4168 , 2002
Ref. 1052
Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, T. Takahashi, and R. Wanninkhof. Uptake and storage of carbon dioxide in the ocean: The global CO₂ survey. Oceanography, 14(4):18-32 , 2001
Ref. 1067
Fine, R.A., L. Merlivat, W. Roether, P. Schlosser, W.M. Smethie, Jr., and R. Wanninkhof. Observing tracers and the carbon cycle.. In Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century: A Strategy for Global Ocean Observations, GODAE Project Office and Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 361-375 , 2001
Ref. 1069
Hood, E.M., R.H. Wanninkhof, and L. Merlivat. Short time scale variations of fCO₂ in a North Atlantic warm-core eddy: Results from the GASEX-98 carbon interface ocean atmosphere (CARIOCA) buoy data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(C2):2561-2572 , 2001
Ref. 1078
McGillis, W.R., J.B. Edson, J.D. Ware, J.W.H. Dacey, J.E. Hare, C.W. Fairall, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Carbon dioxide flux techniques performed during GasEx-98. Marine Chemistry, 75(4):267-280 , 2001
Ref. 1103
Peltola, E., K. Lee, R.H. Wanninkhof, R. Feely, M. Roberts, D. Greeley, M.O. Baringer, G. Johnson, J. Bullister, C. Mordy, J.-Z. Zhang, P. Quay, F. Millero, D. Hansell, and P. Minnett. Chemical and hydrographic measurements on a Climate and Global Change Cruise along 24°N in the Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A5R (repeat) during January-February 1998. NOAA Data Report, OAR AOML-41 (PB2001-107645), 210 pp. , 2001
Ref. 1116
Wanninkhof, R.H., and P. Liss. SOLAS requirements for the improvement of ocean-atmosphere flux fields. Proceedings, Intercomparison and Validation of Ocean-Atmosphere Flux Fields Workshop, Potomac, MD, May 21-24, 2001. WCRP-115-WMO/TD-No. 1083, 8-9 , 2001
Ref. 1138
Zhang, J.-Z., R.H. Wanninkhof, and K. Lee. Enhanced new production observed from the diurnal cycle of nitrate in an oligotrophic anticyclonic eddy. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(8):1579-1582 , 2001
Ref. 1147
Lee, K., F.J. Millero, R.H. Byrne, R.A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof. The recommended dissociation constants for carbonic acid seawater. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(2):229-232 , 2000
Ref. 1212
Lee, K., R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, F.J. Millero, and T.-H. Peng. Global relationships of total inorganic carbon with temperature and nitrate in surface seawater. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(3):979-994 , 2000
Ref. 1213
Sabine, C.L., M.F. Lamb, J.L. Bullister, R.A. Feely, G.L. Johnson, R.M. Key, A. Kozyr, K. Lee, F.J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, and R.H. Wanninkhof. U.S. JGOFSteam examines Pacific Ocean CO₂ data quality. International WOCE Newsletter, 38:10-14 , 2000
Ref. 1243
Sabine, C.L., R.H. Wanninkhof, R.M. Key, C. Goyet, and F.J. Millero. Seasonal CO₂ fluxes in the tropical and subtropical Indian Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 72(1):33-53 , 2000
Ref. 1244
Zhang, J.-Z., R.H. Wanninkhof, and K. Lee. New production in oligotrophic waters: Estimation based on diel cycle of nitrate. Proceedings, Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Open Science Conference, Bergen, Norway, April 13-17, 2000. JGOFS InternationalProject Office, 76-77 , 2000
Ref. 1270
Boutin, J., J. Etcheto, Y. Dandonneau, D.C.E. Bakker, R.A. Feely, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, R.D. Ling, P.D. Nightingale, N. Metzl, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Satellite sea surface temperature: A powerful tool for interpreting in-situ pCO₂ measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Tellus B, 51(2):490-508 , 1999
Ref. 1291
Etcheto, J., J. Boutin, D.C.E. Bakker, Y. Dandonneau, R.A. Feely, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, R.D. Ling, L. Merlivat, P.D. Nightingale, N.Metzl, and R.H. Wanninkhof. pCO₂ in the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans: Determination of air-sea CO₂ flux using satellite-borne instruments. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 119-125 , 1999
Ref. 1311
Etcheto, J., J. Boutin, Y. Dandonneau, D.C.E. Bakker, R.A. Feely, R.D. Ling, P.D. Nightingale, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Air-sea CO₂ flux variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean near 100°W. Tellus B, 51(3):734-747 , 1999
Ref. 1312
Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, R.M. Key, T.-H. Peng, and R.H. Wanninkhof. The U.S. global CO₂ survey in the North and South Pacific Ocean. Preliminary synthesis results. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 193-198 , 1999
Ref. 1314
Feely, R.A., M.F. Lamb, D.J. Greeley, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Comparison of the carbon system parameters at the global CO₂ survey crossover locations in the North and South Pacific Ocean between 1990-1996. Technical Report, ORNL/CDIAC-115, Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 73 pp. , 1999
Ref. 1315
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans. Influence of El Ni¤o on the equatorial Pacific contribution to atmospheric CO₂ accumulation. Nature, 398(6728):597-601 , 1999
Ref. 1316
Fine, R.A., L. Merlivat, W. Roether, W.M. Smethie, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Observing tracers and the carbon cycle. OCEANOBS99: International Conference on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint Raphael, France, October 18-22, 1999. Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Vol. 1,14 pp. , 1999
Ref. 1317
Lapitan, R.L., R.H. Wanninkhof, and A.R. Mosier. Methods for stable gas flux determination in aquatic and terrestrial systems.. In Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 27-66 , 1999
Ref. 1346
Lee, K., R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, F.J. Millero, and T.-H. Peng. Global distribution of total inorganic carbon in surface water. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans,Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 493-496 , 1999
Ref. 1347
Lee, K., R.H. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S.C. Doney, and R.A. Feely. Interannual variations in oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide for the period of 1982-1995. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 31-34 , 1999
Ref. 1348
McGillis, W., J. Edson, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Direct air-sea flux measurements of carbon dioxide over the North Atlantic Ocean and the comparison to indirect methods. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22,1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 367-377 , 1999
Ref. 1353
Peng, T.-H., J.-J. Hung, R.H. Wanninkhof, and F.J. Millero. Carbon budget in the East China Sea in spring. Tellus B, 51(2):531-540 , 1999
Ref. 1372
Takahashi, T., R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, R.F. Weiss, D.W. Chipman, N. Bates, J. Olafsson, C.Sabine, and S.C. Sutherland. Net sea-air CO₂ flux over the global oceans: An improved estimate based on the sea-air pCO₂ difference. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 9-15 , 1999
Ref. 1392
Wanninkhof, R.H. Recent advances in determining air-sea CO₂ fluxes. Proceedings, Second International Symposium on CO₂ in the Oceans, Tsukuba, Japan, January 18-22, 1999. Center for GlobalEnvironmental Research (CGER-I037-99), 101-104 , 1999
Ref. 1400
Wanninkhof, R.H., and W.M. McGillis. A cubic relationship between air-sea CO₂ and wind speed. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(13):1889-1892 , 1999
Ref. 1401
Wanninkhof, R.H., E. Lewis, R.A. Feely, and F.J. Millero. The optimal carbonate dissociation constants for determining pCO₂ from alkalinity and total inorganic carbon. Marine Chemistry, 65(3-4):291-301 , 1999
Ref. 1402
Wanninkhof, R.H., S. Doney, T.-H. Peng, J.L. Bullister, K. Lee, andR.A. Feely. Comparison of methods to determine the anthropogenic CO₂ invasion into the Atlantic Ocean. Tellus B, 51(2):511-530 , 1999
Ref. 1403
Asher, W.E., and R.H. Wanninkhof. The effect of bubble-mediated gas transfer on purposeful dual gaseous-tracer experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(C5):10,555-10,560 , 1998
Ref. 1417
Asher, W.E., and R.H. Wanninkhof. Transient tracers and air-sea gastransfer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(C8):15,939-15,958 , 1998
Ref. 1418
Castle, R.D., R.H. Wanninkhof, J.L. Bullister, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, B.E. Huss, E. Johns, F.J. Millero, K. Lee, D. Frazel, D. Wisegarver, D.Greeley, F. Menzia, M. Lamb, G. Berberian, and L.D. Moore. Chemical and hydrographic profiles and underway measurements from the eastern NorthAtlantic during July and August of 1993. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-32 (PB98-131865), 82 pp. , 1998
Ref. 1429
Doney, S.C., J.L. Bullister, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Climatic variability in upper ocean ventilation rates diagnosed using chlorofluorocarbons. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(9):1399-1402 , 1998
Ref. 1434
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy. A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO₂ measurements onboard research ships. Analytica Chimica Acta, 377(2-3):185-191 , 1998
Ref. 1439
Lee, K., R.H. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S.C. Doney, and R.A. Feely. Low interannual variability in recent oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Nature, 396(6707):155-158 , 1998
Ref. 1465
McElligott, S., R.H. Byrne, K. Lee, R.H. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, and R.A. Feely. Discrete water column measurements of CO₂ fugacity and pHT in seawater: A comparison of direct measurements and thermodynamic calculations. Marine Chemistry, 60(1-2):63-73 , 1998
Ref. 1471
Murphy, P.P., R.A. Feely, and R.H. Wanninkhof. On obtaining high-precision measurements of oceanic pCO₂ using infrared analyzers. Marine Chemistry, 62(1-2):103-115 , 1998
Ref. 1480
Peltola, E., R. Wanninkhof, R. Molinari, B.E. Huss, R. Feely, J. Bullister, J.-Z. Zhang, F. Chavez, A. Dickson, A. Ffield, D. Hansell, F. Millero, P. Quay, R. Castle, G. Thomas, R. Roddy, T. Landry, M. Roberts, H. Chen, D. Greeley, K. Lee, M. Roche, J.A. Goen, F. Millero, K. Buck, M. Kelly, F. Menzia, A. Huston, T. Waterhouse, S. Becker, and C. Mordy. Chemical and hydrographic measurements during the Indian Ocean I8 repeat cruise (IR8N) in September and October 1995. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-34 (PB99-126948), 176 pp. , 1998
Ref. 1486
Peng, T.-H., R.H. Wanninkhof, J.L. Bullister, R.A. Feely, and T. Takahashi. Quantification of decadal anthropogenic CO₂ uptake in the Indian Ocean based on dissolved inorganic carbon measurements. Nature, 396(6711):560-563 , 1998
Ref. 1488
Wanninkhof, R.H., and R.A. Feely. fCO₂ dynamics in the Atlantic, Pacific, and South Indian Oceans. Marine Chemistry, 60(1-2):15-31 , 1998
Ref. 1507
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, C. Goyet, D.E. Archer, and T. Takahashi. Variability of CO₂ distributions and sea- air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991-1994 El Niño. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 44(9-10):1851-1867 , 1997
Ref. 1542
Ho, D.T., L.F. Bliven, R.H. Wanninkhof, and P. Schlosser. The effect ofrain on air-water gas exchange. Tellus B, 49(2):149-158 , 1997
Ref. 1564
Ho, D.T., R.H. Wanninkhof, J.C. Masters, R.A. Feely, and C.E. Cosca. Measurement of underway fCO₂ in the eastern equatorialPacific on NOAA Ships Malcolm Baldrige and Discoverer from February to September 1994. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-30(PB97-169056), 66 pp. , 1997
Ref. 1565
Lamb, M.F., J.L. Bullister, R.A. Feely, G.C. Johnson, D.P. Wisegarver,B. Taft, R.H. Wanninkhof, K.E. McTaggart, K.A. Krogslund, C.W. Mordy,K. Hargreaves, D. Greeley, T. Lantry, H. Chen, B.E. Huss, F.J. Millero, R.H. Byrne, D.A. Hansell, F.P. Chavez, P.D. Quay, P.R. Guenther, J.-Z.Zhang, W. Gardner, M.J. Richardson, and T.-H. Peng. Chemical and hydrograph measurements in the eastern Pacific during the CGC94 expedition (WOCE section P18). NOAA Data Report, ERL PMEL-61 (PB97-158075), 235 pp. , 1997
Ref. 1571
Lee, K., F.J. Millero, and R.H. Wanninkhof. The carbon dioxide systemin the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(C7):15,693-15,708 , 1997
Ref. 1575
Masters, J.C., R.H. Wanninkhof, D.T. Ho, M. Steckley, R.A. Feely, and C. Cosca. Continuous air and surface seawater measurements of fCO₂ on board the NOAA ship Malcolm Baldrigearound-the-world cruise in 1995. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-31 (PB98-105950), 80 pp. , 1997
Ref. 1579
Slansky, C.M., R.A. Feely, and R.H. Wanninkhof. The stepwise linearregression method for calculating anthropogenic CO₂ invasioninto the North Pacific Ocean.. In Biogeochemical Processes in theNorth Pacific, Japan Marine Science Foundation,70-79 , 1997
Ref. 1599
Takahashi, T., R.A. Feely, R.F. Weiss, R.H. Wanninkhof, D.W. Chipman,S.C. Sutherland, and T.T. Takahashi. Global air-sea flux of CO₂: An estimate based on measurements of sea-airpCO₂ difference. Proceedings, National Academy ofScience, USA 94:8292-8299 , 1997
Ref. 1602
Wanninkhof, R.H., G. Hitchcock, W.J. Wiseman, G. Vargo, P.B. Ortner,W.E. Asher, D.T. Ho, P.Schlosser, M.-L. Dickson, R. Masserini, K. Fanning,and J.-Z. Zhang. Gas exchange, dispersion, and biological productivityon the west Florida shelf: Results from a Lagrangian tracer study. Geophysical Research Letters, 24(14):1767-1770 , 1997
Ref. 1607
Asher, W.E., and R.H. Wanninkhof. The effect of breaking waves on the analysis of dual-tracer gas exchange measurements. Proceedings, Third International Symposium on Air-Water-Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, Germany, July 24-27, 1995. Aeon Verlag and Studio, 517-528 , 1996
Ref. 1618
Asher, W.E., B.J. Higgins, L.M. Karle, P.J. Farley, C.R. Sherwood, W.W. Gardiner, R.H. Wanninkhof, H. Chen, T.P. Lantry, M. Steckley, E.C. Monahan, Q. Wang, and P.M. Smith. Measurements of gas transfer, whitecap coverage, and brightness temperature in a surf pool: An overview of WABEX-93. Proceedings, Third International Symposium on Air-Water-Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, Germany, July 24-27, 1995. Aeon Verlag and Studio, 205-216 , 1996
Ref. 1619
Clark, J.F., P. Schlosser, H.J. Simpson, M. Stute, R.H. Wanninkhof, and D.T. Ho. Relationship between gas transfer velocities and wind speeds in the tidal Hudson River determined by the dual tracer technique. Proceedings, Third International Symposium on Air-Water-Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, Germany, July 24-27, 1995. Aeon Verlag and Studio, 785-799 , 1996
Ref. 1629
Wanninkhof, R.H. W.E. Asher, and E.C. Monahan. The influence of bubbles on air-water-gas exchange: Results from gas transfer experiments during WABEX-93. Proceedings, Third International Symposium on Air-Water-Gas Transfer, Heidelburg, Germany, July 24-27, 1995. Aeon Verlag and Studio, 239-254 , 1996
Ref. 1691
Wanninkhof, R.H., and M. Knox. Chemical enhancement of CO₂exchange in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 41(4):689-697 , 1996
Ref. 1692
Wanninkhof, R.H., R.A. Feely, H. Chen, C. Cosca, and P.P. Murphy. Surface water fCO₂ in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992-1993 El Niño. Journal of Geophysical Research,101(C7):16,333-16,343 , 1996
Ref. 1693
Chen, H., R.H. Wanninkhof, R. Feely, and D. Greeley. Measurements of fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater: An evaluation of a method based on infrared analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum, ERL AOML-85 (PB95-271029), 54 pp. , 1995
Ref. 1711
Clark, J.F., P. Schlosser, R.H. Wanninkhof, H.J. Simpson, W.S.F. Schuster, and D.T. Ho. Gas transfer velocities for SF₆ and ³He in a small pond at low wind speeds. Geophysical Research Letters, 22(2):93-96 , 1995
Ref. 1715
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, C. Cosca, H. Chen, M.D. Steckley, and P. Murphy. Distributions of fCO₂ in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1992-1993 El Niño: Global fluxes of carbon and its related substances in the coastal sea-ocean-atmosphere system. Proceedings, IGBP Symposium, Sapporo, Japan, November 1994. Hokkaido University, 360-367 , 1995
Ref. 1725
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, P.P. Murphy, M.F. Lamb, and M.D. Steckley. CO₂ distributions in the equatorial Pacific during the 1991-1992 ENSO event. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 42(2-3):365-386 , 1995
Ref. 1726
Ffield, A., R.L. Molinari, W.D. Wilson, and R.H.Wanninkhof. Repeat hydrography along WHP lines 15°W, 17°N, and 11°W. International WOCE Newsletter, 20:23-24 , 1995
Ref. 1728
Lamb, M.F., T.P. Lantry, J.C. Hendee, K.E. McTaggart, P.P. Murphy, R.A. Feely, R.H. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, R.H. Byrne, E.T. Peltzer, and D. Frazel. Chemical and hydrographic measurements from the equatorial Pacific during boreal autumn 1992. NOAA Data Report, ERL PMEL-56 (PB95-274809), 173 pp. , 1995
Ref. 1753
Lantry, T.P., M.F. Lamb, J.C. Hendee, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, F.J. Millero, R. Byrne, E.T. Peltzer, W.D. Wilson, and G.A. Berberian. Chemical and hydrographic measurements from the equatorial Pacific during boreal spring 1992. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-27 (PB95-227773), 134 pp. , 1995
Ref. 1756
MacIntyre, S., R.H. Wanninkhof, and J.P. Chanton. Trace gas exchange across the air-water interface in fresh water and coastal marine environments. . In Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water, Blackwell Science, Cambridge, 52-97 , 1995
Ref. 1758
Wanninkhof, R.H., R.A. Feely, D.K. Atwood, G.A. Berberian, W.D. Wilson, P.P. Murphy, and M.F. Lamb. Seasonal and lateral variations in carbon chemistry of surface water in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1992. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 42(2-3):387-409 , 1995
Ref. 1789
Clark, J.F., R.H. Wanninkhof, P. Schlosser, and H.J. Simpson. Gas exchange rates in the tidal Hudson River using a dual tracer technique. Tellus B, 46(4):274-285 , 1994
Ref. 1811
Feely, R.A., R.H. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, M.J. McPhaden, R.H. Byrne, F.J. Millero, F.P. Chavez, T. Clayton, D.M. Campbell, and P.P. Murphy. The effect of tropical instability waves on CO₂ species distributions along the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event. Geophysical Research Letters, 21(4):277-280 , 1994
Ref. 1819
Forde, E.B., J.C. Hendee, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Hydrographic, carbondioxide, nutrient, and productivity measurements from the South Atlanticduring July and August of 1991. NOAA Data Report, ERL AOML-24(PB94-180668), 96 pp. , 1994
Ref. 1820
Watson, A.J., C.S. Law, K.A. Van Scoy, F.J. Millero, W. Yao, G.E. Friederich, M.I. Liddicoat, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.T. Barber, and K.H. Coale. Minimal effect of iron fertilization on sea-surface carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature, 371(6493):143-145 , 1994
Ref. 1869
Bliven, L.F., J.-P. Giovanangeli, R.H. Wanninkhof, and B. Chapron. A laboratory study of friction-velocity estimates from scatterometry: Low and high regimes. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14(9):1775-1785 , 1993
Ref. 1890
Clayton, T., P. Murphy, M.F. Lamb, F.J. Millero, R.H. Byrne, R.H. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely. The internal consistency of CO₂ measurements in the equatorial Pacific. Marine Chemistry, 44(2-4):269-280 , 1993
Ref. 1901
Millero, F.J., R.H. Byrne, R.H. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, T. Clayton, P. Murphy, and M.F. Lamb. The internal consistency of CO₂ measurements in the equatorial Pacific. Marine Chemistry, 44(2-4):269-280 , 1993
Ref. 1949
Murray, J.W., M.W. Leinen, R.A. Feely, J.R. Toggweiler, and R.H. Wanninkhof. Equatorial Pacific: A process study in the central equatorial Pacific. Oceanography, 5(3):134-143 , 1993
Ref. 1951
Wanninkhof, R.H., and K. Thoning. Measurement of fugacity of CO₂ in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2-4):189-204 , 1993
Ref. 1986
Wanninkhof, R.H., W.E. Asher, R. Weppernig, H. Chen, P. Schlosser, C. Langdon, and R. Sambrotto. Gas transfer experiment on Georges Bank using two volatile deliberate tracers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(C11):20,237-20,248 , 1993
Ref. 1987
Asher, W.E., P.J. Farley, R.H.Wanninkhof, E.C. Monahan, and T.S. Bates. Laboratory and field experiments on the correlation of fractional area whitecap coverage with air/sea gas transport.. In Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere Surface Exchange, Volume 2, The Semonin Volume: Atmosphere Surface Exchange Processes, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, D.C., 815-828 , 1992
Ref. 1996
Murray, J.W., M.W. Leinen, R.A. Feely, J.R. Toggweiler, and R.H. Wanninkhof. EqPac: A process study in the central equatorial Pacific. Oceanography, 5(3):134-142 , 1992
Ref. 2040
Wanninkhof, R.H. Relationship between gas exchange and wind speed over the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research,97(5):7373-7382 , 1992
Ref. 2063
Oxburgh, R., W.S. Broecker, and R.H. Wanninkhof. The carbon budget of Mono Lake. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5:359-372 , 1991
Ref. 2128
Wanninkhof, R.H., and L.F. Bliven. Relationship between gas exchange, wind speed, and radar backscatter in a large wind-wave tank. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C2):2785-2796 , 1991
Ref. 2153
Wanninkhof, R.H., J.R. Ledwell, and A.J. Watson. Analysis of sulfur hexafluoride in seawater. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C5):8733-8740 , 1991
Ref. 2154
Broecker, W.S., R.H. Wanninkhof, G. Mathieu, T.-H. Peng, S. Stine, S. Robinson, A. Herczeg, and M. Stuiver. The radiocarbon budget forMono Lake: An unsolved mystery. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters, 88:16-26 , 1988
Ref. 2336

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